chapter 8

Athenian Military

trained, but only until 18-20

Spartan military

trained from young age, until age of 60

Greek Pottery Art

Used to trade, write, and decorate (vases)

Zeus

King of the Gods

Apollo

God of the sun and music

Demeter

Goddess of Agriculture

Hera

Queen of the Gods

Athena

Goddess of Wisdom

Ares

God of War

Hephaestus

God of the forge

Helots

Government owned slaves of Sparta

Troy

A city and main location of the Illiad, where trojan war started

Myceneans

One of the two first civilizations in Greece, influenced the Aegean region and helped shape later cultures.

Minoans

One of the two first civilization, traded many things over sea.

Women’s rights

Athens had very limited rights, while Spartan women trained. both had little education

Greek Geography

little flat land, peninsulas and mountains

Oracles

A female priest of Apollo who could give answers/advice

Cleisthenes

An Athenian ruler who made their democracy, disliked aristocracy while also overthrowing it

Draco

created a new set of laws for Athens, which were all really harsh order.

Pericles

An Athenian leader who helped spread democracy, encouraged more citizens to participate in government

Solon

Overthrew Draco and invented better laws and gave more rights to non-aristocrats

Peisistratus

Overthrew the oligarchy in Athens, A “tyrant” who unified Athens, brought piece and prosperity to the city

Homer

Wrote the Illiad and Oddssey

Euripides

A playwright who called out flaws or weaknesses of gods or government, focuses on dark themes like revenge or suffering ,best known for his play Medea

Aeshechylus

a playwright who changed how they were written

Aristophanes

used comedy to make serious points about war, courts of law, famous people

Sophocles

A playwright who introduced dramatic irony, made his dialogue and plot more complex, famous for the Oedipus Rex

Plato

Created a school called The Academy which was where philosophers come to discuss ideas, wrote The Republic, thought society should be ruled by philosophers

Aristotle

a philosopher who helped spread and influence the balance in life, taught people to use ordered thinking, Plato’s student

Aesop

An author famous for his fables

Lycurgus

created Spartans soical system after a slave revolt.

Leonidas

A Greek king of Sparta

Crete

And island south of Aegean

Parthenon

A temple of Athena where it contains her statue

Pantheon

Rome’s greatest temple

Archimedes

famous mathematicians and physicist made the water screw

The Academy

The school that Plato built, was a place where students, philosophers, and scientists discussed and study.

Hippocrates

A doctor who wanted to better understand diseases, famous greek doctor

Pythagoras

The creator of the Pythagorean theorem

Euclid

A mathematician, famous for his geometry, Euclidean geometry

Thales

A mathematician of Geometry, made 5 theorems

Herodotus

A Greek historian, credited as the author of a great piece of writing that told the history of the Persian Wars

Thucydides

early historian, had a history of the Peloponnesian War

Xenophon

studied Socrates and wrote a story about an average day for someone in Athens

Gaea

The Earth, primordial goddess, part of the first two deities of the world

Aphrodite

Goddess of Love and Beauty

Delian League

An alliance formed by Athens to fight Sparta

Peloponnesian War

a war between Athens and Sparta

Peloponnesian League

An alliance formed by Sparta to fight Athens

Agora

The center of a city

Polis

City-State

Acropolis

fortress (walls)

Medea

A character in a play (and a play by Euripides)

Direct Democracy

a government involving citizen participation

Representative Democracy

A government involving chosen representatives

Oligarchy

A small group of people running a government