Gastrointestinal

Esophagus

passageway for food

Small intestine

the site of most digestion of nutrients and absorption of digested nutrients

Large intestine

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

Burning, Gnawing, Stabbing

Types of pain

Point involved site

Location of pain

Supine

Lie the patient in what type of position in preparation for IAPP?

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

4 quadrants?

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

9 quadrants?

5

35 gurgles per minute

Hypoactive bowel sound?

\>30

Hyperactive bowel sounds?

No peristaltic movement and no stool

No peristaltic movement and no stoolIf there's an absence of bowel sounds on all 4 quadrants, this means?

Bruits

What type of vascular sound when there is a swooshing sound, increased blood flow, abdominal, aorta, and renal arteries

Peritonial

What type of vascular sound heard of the spleen and liver?

Venous hum

What type of vascular sound epigastric periumbilical region?

Percussion

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

1. Determine the size of organs, 2. Detect presence of fluids, masses, and air, 3. Estimate the size of spleen and liver

purpose of percussion?

Tympany

high

Dull or flat

medium

Palpation

done to detect tenderness, sensitivity, masses, swelling, and muscular resistance and to confirm (+) findings

Deep palpation and Light palpation

Types of palpation?

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus

D

The nurse explains to the patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease that this disorder:

A. results in acid erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by frequent vomiting,

B. will require surgical wrapping or repair of the pyloric sphincter to control the symptoms,

C. is the protrusion of a portion of the stomach into to esophagus through an opening in the diaphragm,

D. often involves relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach contents to back up into the espophagus

3

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) weakens the lower esophageal sphincter, predisposing older persons to risk for impaired swallowing. In managing the symptoms associated with GERD, the nurse should assign the highest priority to which of the following interventions?

1. Decrease daily intake of vegetables and water, and ambulate frequently

2. Drink coffee diluted with milk at each meal, and remain in an upright position for 30 minutes.

3. Eat small, frequent meals, and remain in an upright position for at least 30 minutes after eating

4. Avoid over

the

1

When assessing the client with the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, which physical examination should the nurse implement first?

1. Auscultate the client's bowel sounds in all four quadrants.

2.Palpate the abdominal area for tenderness.

3.Percuss the abdominal borders to identify organs.

4.Assess the tender area progressing to nontender

4

The nurse is monitoring a client with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate perforation of the ulcer?

1. Bradycardia

2. Numbness in the legs

3. Nausea and vomiting

4. A rigid, board

like abdomen

2

The nurse teaches the client about an anti

1. "I must eat bland foods to help my stomach heal."

2. "I can eat most foods, as long as they don't bother my stomach."

3. "I cannot eat fruits and vegetables because they cause too much gas."

4. "I should eat a low

fiber diet to delay gastric emptying

Dypepsia

Indigestion

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

Esophagitis

inflammation of the esophagus

1, NPO 8

12 hours

1. NPO 2

4 hours

2. Sedatives

3. Administer anticholinergics such as atropine sulfate

4. Remove jewelry, dentures, eyeglasses, and constricting garment.

5cm

In ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring, the probe is placed how many cm above LES?

4

pH less than \_____ above the LES is considered (+) GERD

gastritis

Diffuse or localized inflammation of the gastric or stomach mucosa

acute gastritis

Short

Chronic gastritis

Repeated exposure to irritating agents of recurring episodes of acute gastritis

Type A and Type B

Types of chronic gastritis?

Type A

What type of chronic gastritis is associated with autoimmune, gastric CA, pernicious anemia

Type B

What type of chronic gastritis is associated with H. pylori infection

intrinsic factor and renin

2 secretions of the stomach

Exogenous and Endogenous

2 types of causes of gastritis

Exogenous

What type of cause of gastritis is due to bacterial infection, drugs: NSAIDS and steroids.

Endogenous

What type of cause of gastritis is due to infectious disease, bile, salts, and pancreatic enzyme

c, pernicious anemia is a clinical manifestation of chronic gastritis

Manifestations of acute gastritis, which of the following is not correct?

a. Epigastric pain

b. Dyspepsia

c. Pernicious anemia

d. Fever

B

The male client tells the nurse he has been experiencing "heartburn" at night that awakens him. Which assessment question should the nurse ask?

A. How much weight have you gained recently?

B. What have you done to alleviate the heartburn?

C. Do you consume many milk and dairy products?

D Have you been around anyone with a stomach virus

B

The results of a patient's recent endoscopy indicate the presence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which of the following teaching points should the nurse provide to the patient in light of his new diagnosis?

A) "You'll need to drink at least two to three glasses of milk daily."

B) "It would likely be beneficial for you to eliminate drinking alcohol."

C) "Many people find that a minced or pureed diet eases their symptoms of PUD."

D) "Your medications should allow you to maintain your present diet while minimizing symptoms

b

A client receives a local anesthetic to suppress the gag reflex for a diagnostic procedure of the upper GI tract. Which of the following nursing interventions is advised for this patient?

a) The client should be monitored for any breathing related disorder or discomforts

b) The client should not be given any food and fluids until the gag reflex returns,

c) The client should be monitored for cramping or abdominal distention,

d) The client's fluid output should be measured for at least 24 hours after the procedure

3

which is the most common upper GI problem? "

1. peptic ulcer disease

2. Crohns

3. Gerd

4. ulcerative colitis

C

Which of the following drugs is a histamine blocker and reduces levels of gastric acid?"

A. Omeprazole (Prilosec)

B. Metoclopramide (Reglan)

C. Cimetidine (Tagamet)

D. Magnesium Hydroxide (Maalox)

D

Which assessment data support to the nurse the clients diagnosis of gastric ulcer?

A. Presence of blood in the clients stool for the past month.

B. Reports of a burning sensation moving like a wave.