Depressants

Five anxiety disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, PTSD

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter depressants affect

GABA

Barbiturates mechanism

Increase duration chloride channels stay open

Barbiturates overdose risk

Very high

Barbiturates withdrawal risk

Severe and life-threatening

Benzodiazepines mechanism

Increase frequency chloride channels open

Benzodiazepines overdose risk

Lower than barbiturates

Benzodiazepines dependency risk

Present but lower than barbiturates

Benzodiazepines withdrawal risk

Seizures possible

GHB

Sedative depressant with abuse potential

Methaqualone

Sedative depressant no longer legally prescribed

Buspirone

Anti-anxiety drug without sedative or addictive effects

Antihistamines anxiety use

Mild sedative anxiety relief

Two mood disorders

Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Mood disorder relationship

Bipolar disorder includes both depression and mania

Antidepressants pharmacodynamics

Increase monoamines serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine

Antidepressant onset time

2–4 weeks

Antidepressant shared side effects

Sleep disturbance, weight change, sexual dysfunction

Lithium use

Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder

Lithium effects

Reduces manic episodes

Lithium side effects

Tremors, kidney problems, thyroid dysfunction

Behavioral treatments mood disorders

CBT and lifestyle interventions

Behavioral treatments anxiety disorders

Exposure therapy and CBT