Biology Chp. 6

How is it possible for cells to quickly and continuously make ATP?

Store ADP that can be converted into ATP in the mitochondria

Why can't cells use any other form of energy other than ATP?

because it is the only exact, right amount of energy

What are the differences between a DNA and RNA?

DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar, one strand, two strand, one contains thymine one contains uricil. DNA is the nucleus, RNA is in the cytoplasm

What types of bond holds DNA or RNA molecule together?

hydrogen bonds

What type of bond holds a chain of amino acid together?

peptide bonds

What are three parts of a nucleotide?

sugar, nutrogenious base, and phosphate group

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

A double helix that is linked together by hydrogen and twisted around, the sides are sugar and phosphate and the rungs are nitrogen bonds

How does a cell know when to stop translating a strand of mRNA?

termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA is there

Anabolism

The phase of metabolism that build molecules and store energy

Catabolism

The phase of metabolism that breaks down molecules and releases energy

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Stores energy for long term use in the form of chemical energy

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

A muscle group that uses water to chop off phosphate groups

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

a nucleic acid made of a chain of nucleotides that stores information

Base pair

The bases on adenine and thymine as well as those on guanine and citosine lock together through the attraction of hydrogen bonds

Replication

unlinked nucleotides link together, two copies are created of the DNA strand

Mutation

during replication when a nucleotide is inserted wrong, deleted, or skipped altogether

Ribonucleaic acid

a single stranded nucleaic acid (RNA)

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

DNA used to make proteins

tansfer RNA (tRNA)

Picks up amino acid in the cytoplasm during transcription

Ribosomial RNA (rRNA)

is used to make proteins and ribosomes

Transcription

the cell makes a copy of a section of DNA, this only has one strand with modification

Translation

RNA "reads" cellular machines in order to assemble amino acid into proteins

Anticodon

which align with codons on the mRNA to properly position amino acids for the protein chain being built

Protein synthesis

when two anticodons link up with their codons they form a peptide bond between their amino acids

codon

triplets of nucleotide bases in the RNA transcript that provide a code for the amino acid during translation