How is it possible for cells to quickly and continuously make ATP?
Store ADP that can be converted into ATP in the mitochondria
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Why can't cells use any other form of energy other than ATP?
because it is the only exact, right amount of energy
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What are the differences between a DNA and RNA?
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar, one strand, two strand, one contains thymine one contains uricil. DNA is the nucleus, RNA is in the cytoplasm
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What types of bond holds DNA or RNA molecule together?
hydrogen bonds
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What type of bond holds a chain of amino acid together?
peptide bonds
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What are three parts of a nucleotide?
sugar, nutrogenious base, and phosphate group
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Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
A double helix that is linked together by hydrogen and twisted around, the sides are sugar and phosphate and the rungs are nitrogen bonds
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How does a cell know when to stop translating a strand of mRNA?
termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA is there
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Anabolism
The phase of metabolism that build molecules and store energy
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Catabolism
The phase of metabolism that breaks down molecules and releases energy
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Stores energy for long term use in the form of chemical energy
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adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
A muscle group that uses water to chop off phosphate groups
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
a nucleic acid made of a chain of nucleotides that stores information
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Base pair
The bases on adenine and thymine as well as those on guanine and citosine lock together through the attraction of hydrogen bonds
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Replication
unlinked nucleotides link together, two copies are created of the DNA strand
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Mutation
during replication when a nucleotide is inserted wrong, deleted, or skipped altogether
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Ribonucleaic acid
a single stranded nucleaic acid (RNA)
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)
DNA used to make proteins
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tansfer RNA (tRNA)
Picks up amino acid in the cytoplasm during transcription
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Ribosomial RNA (rRNA)
is used to make proteins and ribosomes
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Transcription
the cell makes a copy of a section of DNA, this only has one strand with modification
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Translation
RNA "reads" cellular machines in order to assemble amino acid into proteins
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Anticodon
which align with codons on the mRNA to properly position amino acids for the protein chain being built
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Protein synthesis
when two anticodons link up with their codons they form a peptide bond between their amino acids
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codon
triplets of nucleotide bases in the RNA transcript that provide a code for the amino acid during translation
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