Legal Systems and Norms

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to legal systems and norms as discussed in the lecture.

Legal Positivism

A legal system that considers laws as commands from the state, separate from morality.

Natural Law School

A legal system that considers law as a result of moral norms.

Legal Capacity

The ability to have rights and obligations.

Contractual Capacity

The ability to act and conclude contracts.

Prohibition of Retroactivity

Law applies to future actions only.

Procedural Laws

Laws that govern the process of litigation and legal proceedings.

Substantive Laws

Laws that define rights and duties.

Legal Person

An entity recognized by law as having rights and obligations.

Legal Entity Capacity

The legal ability that a company or organization has to act in legal matters.

Administrative Decision

An act made by a public authority that has legal effect.

Individual Legal Act

A specific act that applies to a single individual or entity.

General and Abstract Act

A legal act that applies broadly and is not directed at a specific individual.

Direct Sources of Law

Sources that create binding legal obligations, such as customs and legal regulations.

Positive Law

Law that is enacted by a governmental authority.

Purchase Contract

A legal agreement regarding the purchase of goods or services.

Sovereignty

The supreme authority within a territory.

Relative Rights

Rights that are enforceable against specific individuals.

Absolute Rights

Rights that are enforceable against all individuals.

EU Regulations

Legal acts that have direct effect across EU member states.

EU Directives

Legal acts that require member states to achieve certain results but allow them to choose how to implement them.

Generality of Law

The principle that law applies equally to all individuals.

End of Company

The conclusion of a company's legal existence, often due to bankruptcy or liquidation.

Testament

A unilateral declaration regarding the disposition of an individual's estate after death.

Territorial Jurisdiction

The authority of a court or legal body to make decisions within a specific geographical area.

Laws are Adopted By

Legal statutes or regulations are passed by the National Assembly or similar legislative bodies.

Retroactivity Exception

The principle that under certain rare circumstances, laws can apply to past actions.

Legal Rule Elements

Components of a legal rule, including hypothesis, disposition, and sanction.

Private Law

Law that governs relationships between private individuals.

Public Law

Law governing the relationship between individuals and the state.

Legal Entity Limitations

Restrictions on the rights and obligations of legal entities.

Substantive Law

Law that establishes the rights and obligations of individuals.

Procedural Law

Law that outlines the steps and processes in legal proceedings.

Direct Sources in Civil Law

Sources directly constituting law, such as customs and legal regulations.

Legal Norm

A formal rule or standard established within a legal system.

"Mos, mores"

Latin terms referring to customs and social norms.

Slovenia System

A political system characterized as democratic and unitary.