Histopathologic and Cytologic Techniques Lecture Lesson 1 Flashcards

Flashcards based on Histopathologic and Cytologic Techniques Lecture Lesson 1

Pre-Analytical Factors

Factors identified to improve tissue processing results.

Pre-Analytic Fixation

Initial step where all parts to be examined are fixed before gross examination.

Prefixed Sample

Gross examination should only be performed on this type of sample.

1:20

The ratio to be observed for tissue-to-fixative for proper fixation.

10% formaldehyde

The most common fixative used in the laboratory.

6-48 hrs

Recommended fixation time for 3-5mm thick tissues.

Patient’s name, specimen source/site, time and date of collection, name of the surgeon

Information required on a specimen container label.

Clinical data or history

A basis for the pathologist in reading or diagnosing the patient.

Specimen Accessioning

First and most important step in histopathology outside tissue processing.

Easier retrieval of specimens, slides, and tissue blocks

The purpose of a unique identification number given to each specimen.

Surgical, Autopsy, Cytology

Examples of indicating codes used in accessioning.

Serial accessioning of similar specimen types

Procedure to be avoided in accessioning to reduce mix-up of specimens

Gross Examination

Involves describing the specimen and placing it into a plastic cassette.

Gross Examination

Basis of pathologists' diagnosis.

Gross Examination

Where the pathologist will choose a representation of the tissues.

Scissors, Forceps, Blade Holders, Blade

Examples of cutting tools used during gross examination.

White

Ideal color of a chopping board for grossing.

Sink

A key component of gross workstations.

Tabletop

A key component of gross workstations.

Water Supply

A key component of gross workstations.

Irrigation system

A key component of gross workstations.

Fume extraction/ventilation system

A key component of gross workstations.

Water disposal unit

A key component of gross workstations.

Specimen Category A

Specimen category requiring transfer from container to tissue cassette.

Filter paper

Material used to wrap specimens in Category A to ensure sample presence.

Endometrium

An example of a specimen that is categorized as A

Breast core biopsies

An example of a specimen that is categorized as A

Colonic series

An example of a specimen that is categorized as A

Specimen Category B

Specimen type requiring counting, weighing, or slicing.

Small lipoma

An example of a specimen that is categorized as B

Small skin biopsy

An example of a specimen that is categorized as B

Cervical LLETZ

An example of a specimen that is categorized as B

Specimen Category C

Specimen type requiring simple dissection with low diagnostic assessment

Prepuce

An example of a specimen that is categorized as C

Gallbladder

An example of a specimen that is categorized as C

Haemorrhoids

An example of a specimen that is categorized as C

Appendix

An example of a specimen that is categorized as C

Specimen Category D

Specimen type requiring dissection and sampling with moderate assessment

Pigmented skin lesions

An example of a specimen that is categorized as D

Large intestine (Crobin’s)

An example of a specimen that is categorized as D

Skin with markers

An example of a specimen that is categorized as D

Salivary gland tumour

An example of a specimen that is categorized as D

Specimen Category E

Specimen type requiring complex dissection and sampling methods

Thyroid (medullary Ca)

An example of a specimen that is categorized as E

Breast cancer

An example of a specimen that is categorized as E

Testis (seminoma)

An example of a specimen that is categorized as E

Uterus (endomet, Ca)

An example of a specimen that is categorized as E

Specimens for Gross Description Only

Specimens received for gross description only, without further processing.

Specimens for Gross Description Only

Sent to the lab for disposal.

Disease in gross description only

Condition that is not at histologic level.

Accessory digits

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Hallux valgus

Another name for bunions.

Extraocular muscle from corrective surgery

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Inguinal hernia sacs in adult

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Nasal bone & cartilage from rhinoplasty

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Prosthetic breast implant

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Prosthetic heart valves without attached tissue

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Tonsils and adenoids from children

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Umbilical hernia sacs in children

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Varicose veins

Example of tissues removed in the body not because of an abnormality.

Bone donated

Specimens are excluded from mandatory submission to the laboratory since they are submitted in the Bone bank

Bone segments

Specimens are excluded from mandatory submission to the laboratory since they are submitted in the Bone bank

Cataracts

Medical condition characterized by cloudy vision

Foreign bodies

Specimen is excluded from mandatory submission since they can be given directly to the law enforcement personnel

IUDs (Intrauterine Device)

A form of contraceptive for female.

Anatomical structures

Structures that need to be identified and noted in Gross Description.

Inks

Materials used to identify and orient the specimen’s components, distinguish samples, for embedding instructions.

Inking

Used to identify and orient the specimen’s components

Acetic Acid

Used to remove the ink during grossing

Type of specimen, Shape, Color, Texture/Consistency, Odor, Dimensions, Weight

Parameters to be described for specimens during grossing.

Sectioning

Process of taking a representative sample of the tissue.

Hyperplastic sample

Condition where the sample weight needs to be noted.

1cm thickness

Termed as breadloafing

Cystoprostatectomy

An en bloc excision of all cancer bearing tissues in the pelvis including the bladder, the prostate

Wash in running water then immerse in TSE softeners

Hard Tissues Specimen consideration

Must be cut open longitudinally and fixed with cottons inside (cottons soaked in fixative)

Hollow structure specimen consideration

Dermatologic specimen

An example of vertical orientation