Computer Science - Unit 1

Von Neumann Architecture

Von Neumann Architecture

A computer architecture that uses a single memory unit for both instructions and data

Binary

How all data is stored on a computer

System software

A collection of computer programs that manage the resources of a computer and facilitates access to those resources.

Pseudocode

An artificial language that helps programmers develop algorithmsC

Compiler

Translates high-level programming language to low-level programming language

Visual-based language

Programming language designed to express algorithms as a series of graphical blocks

Syntax

Aspect of programming languages that determines the specific rules and structure of how programs should be written

Functions and procedures

Performs specific tasks and creates reusable blocks of code

Compilation process in programing

Translates high-level source code into machine code

Examples of input devices

Keyboard, mouse, touchpad screen

Understand the Requirements

Collect data

Plan and Design

Make plan and pseudocode

Code a prototype

Start to code

Test and Debug

Testing the code/fixing errors

Document

Comments in the code

Deploy and Maintain

Once done, give to users and get feedback

Computer Science

The study of computers and computational systems; including their design, development, and applications

Computer Software

Collection of programs, data, and instructions that enable a computer system to preform specific tasks or functions.

Computer Hardware

Physical components fo a computer system

Computational System

Combination of hardware, software, and data that work together to preform computational tasks.

Computational Device

Any device capable of preforming computations or processing information

Machine Learning

Involves training models on large datasets to recognize patterns, make inferences, and improve performance over tine though experience

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Preforms most of the calculations and instructions in a computer

Control Unit

Manages execution of instructions

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Preforms mathematical and logical operations

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Temporary storage space where the computer stores data and instructions that are being used

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Provide long-time storage for programs, data files, and the operating system

Solid State Drive (SSD)

Similar to HDD, uses flash memory technology for faster data access and improved reliability

Optical Drives

Used for reading and writing data on optical discs

Motherboard

Main circuit board that connects and allows communication between various hardware components of the computer.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Renders adn displays images, videos, and 3D graphics on computer screen.

Input Devices

Allows the user to input information into the computer

Output Devices

Allows the computer to output information

Examples of output devices

Monitor, printer, speakers

Application Software

Allows the user to address some specialized task of interest to that user

Pseudocode

An artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms

Syntax

Specific rules programming languages have that dictate how programs should be written

Data Types

Determines how data is stored and manipulated in the program

Variables

Stores and manipulates data during program execution

Control Structures

Conditional statements and loops in a program that help to control the flow of execution within a program.

Function and Procedures

Reusable blocks of code that preform specific tasks

Librarys

Offers pre-written code for common tasks, allowing developers to use existing coding solutions

Compulation

Programming languages translated into machine code before execution

Low-level programming language

A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture

High-level programming language

A programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer