From Neutrality to War (World War II)

Axis Powers

Italy & Germany created an alliance & later Japan

Allies

USSR & US & France & UK

Isolationism

Not greatly involved in European conflicts & World Affairs (United States)

Lebensraum

Breathing & Living Space (wanted by Germany, Italy & Japan)

Appeasement

Give up principles (what is right) to avoid conflict

ex) When you give candy to toddler when they start crying for them.

Italy Invades Ethiopia

Date: 1935

Axis Action: Italy invades one (of) Africa’s few independent nations

Halle Selassie (Ethiopian Emperor) warned other nations that what happened to them would happen to other nations later.

Why would Mussolini pick Ethiopia to attack?: Since there wasn’t an alliance between Ethiopia & independent

Allied Response: The League of Nations condemned the invasion/voted limited economic sanctions—> ineffective ( they wanted to get more money to aid their economy from WWI)

What are the leaders from WWII?

Italy: Benito Mussolini

Germany: Adolf Hitler

Japan: Hideki Jojo/ Hirohito(God Emperor)

US: FDR & Truman

USSR: Joseph Stalin

UK: Neville Chamberlain to Winston Churchill

Spanish Civil War

Date: 1936-1939

What happened during the Spanish Civil War?:

-Franciso Franco went against the Spanish gov.

Axis Action:

-Spanish army: Franciso Franco was aided by Germany & Italy —> he became Spain’s facist dictator movement

-Germany tested out their military tactics & to see if the strategy works

Allied Response: Britain & France don’t do nothing

-USSR sent equipment/advisors —> withdrew support Spanish Republic after 2 yrs.

Occupation of the Rhineland

Date: March 1936

Axis Action: Germany reoccupies Rhineland (breaks Treaty of Versailles) (was demilitarized between France, Belgium & Germany)

Why would Hitler want to send his military into this area? Why was this a risk?:

Wanted to get closer to Belgium/France

Allied Response:

“No action & If French had then Marched into the Rhineland we would have had to withdraw w/ our tails between our legs”- Hitler (If France attacked then Hitler would have just stopped)

Japan Invades China

Date: 1937

Axis Action: Japan invades China (Rape of Nanking: rape & kil women) & Japan has more modernized weapons

Why was the Japanese attack on China so ruthless?:

-believed Japan was superior to China & slaughtered fully from modern weapons

*China was in civil war joined hands to fight Japan—> then after went to civil war

Allied Response:

-US sent arms & supplies to China

-America embargo of iron steel to Japan until 1940

“The peace, the freedom, and the security of 90 percent of the population of the world is being jeopardized by the remaining 10 percent who are threatening a breakdown of all international order and law. Surely the 90 percent who want to live in peace under law and in accordance with moral standards that have received almost universal acceptance through the cenuries can and must find some way… preserve peace.”

Interpret this quote in your own words:

10% of Axis pwrs. need to be stopped by US

American People should Quarantine 10%(Axis Powers) (90% should team/fight back)

Annexation of Austria & Czechoslovakia-What does Annexation mean?

Date: 1938

Axis Action-Austria:

-Austria close to Germany/speaks German/Hitler born there —> join campaign—> Hitler wanted Austria as part of Germany

-Hitler (Germany) wanted to annex Austria

Axis Action-Sudetenland (Part of Czechoslovakia)

-Close to Germany & spoke German

-German people abused/witholded by gov. (brain washed )

-Germany wanted Sudetenland—> Allies said no —> threaten to war—> had the Munich Agreement (w/ France & England & Germany)

Allied Response-Sudetenland:

-Munich Agreement & agreed to give Sudetenland but got promise that nothing else would be conquered

Winston Churchill (“We have passed an awful milestone in our history…And do not supposed that is the end… This is only the first sip, the first foretaste of a bitter cup which will be proffered to us year by year unless, by a supreme recovery of moral health & martial vigor, we arise again and take our stand fro freedom as in the olden time.”

Milestone: Munich Agreement

-Germany gonna expand—> led to war—> England fight war

The Appeaser

-Created by Dr. Seuss

-Shows the Allied Powers as appeaser

-The lollipops represents the Sudetenland

-The Snakes represents the Nazis

Germany Invades Poland

Date: Aug 1939

What was the Non-Aggression Pact:

-An agreement between Germany & Soviet Union not to fight one another (but both attack Poland)

Axis Action: Sept. 1 1939: Germany invades Poland from west & Soviet Union attacks Poland from East

What is Blitzkrieg & how did this type of warfare differ from WWI?

Used Lighting warfare(planes/tanks/traps/troops

Allied Response: Britain & France declared war on Germany September 3 1939

-Why did they make the Axis Pwrs w/ Germany/Japan/Italy—> In case US attacks

The Fall of Western Europe & France

Date: 1940

What was the purpose of the Maginot Line?:

-Fortress to protect France from Germany’s troops

Action Action: April 1940:

What countries did Hitler defeat in that month?:

-Denmark, Norway, Netherlands,Luxembourg & Belgium (France thought it would take long & didn’t prepare for military)

Axis Action-June 1940: Italy & Germany invaded France —> June 23 1940 (France surrendered)

Nazi: controlled puppet gov. (set up Vichy France)

What was Vichy Government?>

People that sided w/ Germany & other section of France didn’t side with Germany (resistor)

What French general continued to oppose the Nazis?:

-Charles De Gaulle fled to England & set up gov. in exile

What did America do in order to prepare for war?:

-US cash & carry policy: gave weapons to Britain (UK) but have to pay upfront cash

*Germany made art (to make it generalized)

Battle of Britain

Date: 1940-1941

Axis Action: Germany bombs over Britain.

*Germany (Luftware Germany airplane army)

Allied Response: British’s RAF (Royal Air Force) fought back—> September 15 , 1940 (RAF) shot down 185 & lost 26—> British won (1st loss for Nazis)

How does America respond to an attack on England?:

*What was selective service Act (1940): Drafted (because going into the WAR)

*increased defense spending 1.7 billion—> 6 billion

-Start giving more weapons/resources/easier to trade w/ us & allowed to borrow weapons & pay later (lend & loose) (Fought in Air & over the city)

Why would Hitler break the Non-Aggression Pact?

1) He wanted the land (Lebensraum)

2) Kills highest number of Jewish people

3) Eliminateg Communism

Germany Attacks the USSR

Date: June 1941

Axis Action: German forces launched surprise (had a peace pact) attack on Soviet defenses.

Allied Response:

Roosevelt began lend-lease supplies to the Soviet Union (Soviet Union now a ally)

Was this a good decision by Hitler?:

No because the Soviet Union is large territory to conquer, and it will turn into a two front war (Even after learning what happened to Napolean Bonaparte when he attacked Russia—> his crew died due to the scorched earth policy—> Hitler went through the same thing (He thought his crew was going to be better, but lost more people)

Why were the Jews targeted?

• Germans blamed failures in economics during WWI

• lot of anti-semitism in Europe as a result Jews became their targets

• Jewish individuals in Germany wear Star of David on their clothes & their citizenship, jobs, property was taken away by Nuremberg Laws of 1935

Kristallnacht

• November 9 & 10 of 1938 Nazi troops destroyed homes, businesses, synagogues (throughout Germany)

• Jewish individuals blamed for destruction

• Event called Kristallnact due to the amount of broken glass, there were 100 Jews killed & many injured

A Flood of Jewish Refugees

• Germany wanted all the Jewish individuals out of their country but:

• France had 40,000 Jewish refugees

• British 110,00 limit—> Britain worried about anti-Semitism would grow in the country

• America only allowed exceptional Jews—> they were facing the Great Depression & wanted to bring back their country

The Ploght of the St. Louis

• German ocean linear passed Miami in 1939 all the Jewish people had their immigration papers ready only to be denied entry and forced back to Europe —>

• Many thought it was sign that no one wanted the Jewish individuals, and many people died on the journey only to get an result

The Final Solution

• Population of Jews in Germany reduced alot

• Hitler wanted to get rid of all the Jews

• He created the final solution: Jewish genocide

The Condemned

• Nazis took pwr from:

  • silenced people who were gypsies(inferior race)

  • Freemansons(Nazis charged as supports of “Jewish conspiracy”) to rule the world

  • Jehovah’s Witnesses (refused to join army or salute to Hitler

  • homosexuals

  • mental deficint

  • mentally ill

  • physcially disabled

  • incurable ill

  • He started his idea in Poland with his (security squadron) SS & rounded up all ages of Jews

Forced Relocation

• Jews ordered into ghettos

• segregated Jewish ares in certain Polish cities

• ghettos sealed off barbed wire & stone walls

• Jews face putting away bodies on the streets

• Jews had to work in Germany factories

• Some Jews forced resistance directly or secretly:

  • educated kids & theaters/music groups continued to operate

Concentration Camps

• All targeted people forced into concentration camps: labor camps that separated families forever

• People crammed, deal with rats, fleas, hunger, and had to work dusk til dawn (till their bodies called quits)

Mass Exterminations

• Final plan to use poison gas, people were deceived that they were going to take a shower—> took their clothes off—> got soap—> but were sent to the gas chambers

• People died from shots, medical testing, and hanged

• Tried to hid the mass killing by burning the bodies

The Survivors

Some survived luckily from the Holocaust in general, however, others would survive with all the things that occurred in the Holocaust in mind. No person would forget what they went through especially people who went through the Holocaust

Battle of the Atlantic

• Atlantic Ocean (September 1942)

• Importance: Determined survival of Britain & made a global impact (secured the supply lines) (US brings resources to Britain)

• Allied Forces safely brought their supplies through teh Atlantic

Battle of Stalingrad

• At Russia in August 1942

• Soviet Union & Germany fought

• This was a Eastern Front Turning Point because it stopped German advance into the Soviet Union & now the tides favored the allies

Operation Torch

• November 8,1942

• French Morocco (French Algeria & North Africa)

• Germany & Italy & America & UK & France fought

• Operation was the first assault against axis forces in WWII

Bloody Anzio

• January 22-June 5 1944 at Anzio Italy

• Countries: Germany, US, Canada, Germany, Italian Social Republic

• Allied Powers got control of Italian peninsula from the Axis Powers & taken from oppression

Operation Overlord (D-Day)

• June 6 & 1944- Aug 30, 1944

• Normandy, France

• Germany

• USSR

• France

• Britain

• Allied Powers Won—> psychological defeat on Germany & its occupation on Europe

• Sparked Liberation throughout Europe

Battle of the Bulge

• December 16, January 28 1945

• At the Ardennes (Belgium/Luxembourg/Germany)

• Germany/US/Canada/Beligium

• importance: last offense of Germany of the Western Front

• Less than 4 months after Germany surrendered to Allied Forces

Liberation of Death Camps

• USSR & US & Germany

• Date: July 1944 @ Poland

• USSR & US realized severe & deadly the situation was at camps even when Germany was trying to hide it

• Finally ended liberation camps

Decoy Plan

Allies transmitted messages on radio (Germans could decode these plans)

Calais been closet attack point

Hitler sent huge armies to defend Calais