Untitled

Acromegaly

Enlargement of extremities due to increased growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland after puberty.

ACTH

stimulates the adrenal cortex, secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Addison's

Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex, leading to decreased cortisol and aldosterone secretion.

Adenohypophysis

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

ADH

reduces urine production by stimulating the kidney, preventing water loss.

Adrenal cortex

Outer part of adrenal glands, secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

Adrenal medulla

Inner part of adrenal glands, secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Adrenal virilism

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens.

Aldosterone

Hormone from the adrenal cortex, regulates salt and water balance.

Calcium

Essential mineral in bones.

Cortisone

Adrenal cortex hormone, increases blood sugar, anti-inflammatory.

Cretinism

Hypothyroidism in infancy/childhood, leading to stunted growth.

Cushing’s

Symptoms from excess cortisol, like obesity and hyperglycemia.

Diabetes insipidus

Inadequate antidiuretic hormone secretion, causing polyuria and polydipsia.

DM

Lack of insulin or its proper use, leading to hyperglycemia.

Electrolytes

Elements carrying electrical charge in water.

Endemic goiter

Thyroid enlargement due to iodine deficiency.

Epinephrine

Adrenaline hormone for stress response.

Estradiol

Ovarian estrogen hormone.

Glucose

Simple sugar for energy.

Glycogen

Glucose storage form in the liver.

Goiter

Thyroid enlargement due to various causes.

Gonadotropins

FSH and LH hormones regulating gonads.

Graves

Autoimmune hyperthyroidism.

Growth hormones

Stimulate growth and cell regeneration.

Gynecomastia

Male breast tissue enlargement.

Hyperparathyroidism

Overactive parathyroid glands.

Hypoparathyroidism

Low PTH levels, affecting calcium balance.

Hyperthyroidism

Excessive thyroid hormone production.

Hypothyroidism

Underactive thyroid hormone production.

Hyperkalemia

High blood potassium levels.

Hypernatremia

High blood sodium levels.

Hypogonadism

Reduced gonadal function.

Hypokalemia

Low blood potassium levels.

Hypophysis

Another term for the pituitary gland.

Insulin

Regulates blood sugar levels.

Pancreas

Digestive and hormone-producing organ.

Myxedema

Severe hypothyroidism symptoms.

Neurohypophysis

Posterior pituitary gland.

Nodular goiter

Thyroid nodules causing enlargement.

Norepinephrine

Stress hormone and neurotransmitter.

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs.

Parathyroid glands

Regulate calcium and phosphorus levels.

Parathyroid hormone

Regulates calcium levels.

Pheochromocytoma

Tumor causing catecholamine excess.

Pituitary gland

Regulates physiological processes.

Pituitary gland hypertrophy

Enlargement due to hormone imbalances.

Progesterone

Female sex hormone.

Prolactin

Stimulates milk production.

Prostaglandins

Regulate various physiological processes.

Secondary complications to DM

Additional issues related to diabetes.

Testes

Male reproductive organs.

Testosterone

Primary male sex hormone.

Tetany

Muscle contractions due to low blood calcium.

Thyroid carcinoma

Thyroid gland cancer.

Thyrotoxicosis

Excessive thyroid hormone production.

Thyroxine

Main thyroid hormone regulating metabolism.

TSH

Stimulates thyroid hormone production.