G&D: infants

infant age

birth to 12 months

True or false: Growth is very rapid in the first year of life

True

what is the importance of a primary caregiver at this age

it is essential for emotional attachment to take place

According to Piaget, how do infants learn about their environment

their 5 senses

which of Erikson's stages are infants in

Trust vs. Mistrust

Trust vs. Mistrust stage

Need to know they will receive needed care

Need to know what is going to happen next

Care should be largely by one person

CONSISTENCY is key

if a primary caregiver is absent, what may develop

attachment disorders

what stage of Piaget's development are infants in

Sensorimotor (birth-2 years)

Sensorimotor stage

Learns about the environment through senses and motor activities

Primitive reflexes

Achievement of Object Permanence

Primitive reflexes

Moro, palmar, sucking, rooting

object permanance

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not seen

When is stranger anxiety developed?

9 months

Because infants are in the sensorimotor stage, what will you often see them doing

put everything in their mouth, climbing on things, rolling, sitting, standing

neonate

birth to 1 month

primitive reflexes present in a neonate

grasp

suck

extrusion

moro

crawling

Moro relfex

infant extends the arms, then slowly retracts them and cries in response to a sensation of falling

moro reflex disappears

4 months

palmar grasp reflex

reflexive curling of the infant's fingers around an object that touches its palm

extrusion reflex

pushing outward with tongue, often when introduced to food

rooting reflex

a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple

rooting reflex disappears

4 months

Babinski reflex

Reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the sole of the foot is touched

Babinski reflex disappears

12 months

sucking reflex

Reflex that causes a newborn to make sucking motions when a finger or nipple if placed in the mouth

what happens in development at 2 months

posterior fontanelle closes

what happens in development at 4 months

Many primitive reflexes disappear (Moro, tonic neck, rooting)

Drooling begins

Head lag disappears

Brings objects to mouth

why does drooling begin around 4 months

salivary glands developing

what primitive reflexes often disappear by 4 months

Moro, tonic neck, rooting

what happens in development at 6 months

Birth weight doubles

Rolls from back to front

Achieves head control

Teething begins

Chewing and biting

what teeth come in first

Lower central incisors (bottom front teeth)

what happens in development at 7 months

Rolls over completely

Transfers objects from one hand to the other

what happens in development at 8 months

sits steadily without support

what happens in development at 9 months

Crawl

Pulls self to stand holding onto furniture

do all infants crawl

Some don't crawl at all, so it is taken off anticipatory guidance for well-baby visits

what happens in development at 10 months

Good pincer grasp (pick up little cheerios)

what happens in development at 11 months

Creeps

Cruises holding onto furniture

Purposely drops object so it can be picked up

when does an infant gain head control

6 months

How do infants roll over at 5 months

front to back

how do infants roll over at 6 months

back to front

how do infants roll over at 7 months

all the way over

when can infants sit without support

8 months

Creeping

on all fours

Crawling

belly on floor

when do infants pull to stand

9 months

at what point is it considered a red flag that a child isn't walking yet

17 months

when does cruising start

11 months

when does walking start

12 months

journey to walking

Roll front to back, roll back to front, sit with and without assistance, crawl, creep, pull to stand, cruise, walk

when does each fontanelle close

Posterior: 2 months

Anterior: 12-18 months

normal fontanelle

soft and flat

what does a sunken fontanelle indicate

dehydration

what does a bulging fontanelle indicate

increased ICP

what happens in development at 12 months

Birth weight triples

Walking

Babinski disappears

Birth length increases by 50%

when does the social smile emerge

2 months

socialization for a 2 month old

enjoys making sounds

social smile

vocalizes (different from crying)

Socialization for a 6-month-old

begins imitating sounds/gestures

object permanance

for a 6-month-old what may a lack of vocalization indicate

deafness

socialization for a 7 month old

stranger anxiety peaks

plays peek a boo

briefly looks for a toy that disappears

When do children start experimenting with object permanence

6 months

When do children master object permanence

12 months

socialization for a 9 month old

understands "no-no"

responds to simple commands

interest in pleasing parents

socialization for 10 month old

says first words like dada and mama with meaning

stops activity when hears own name or "no-no"

Start feeding self - pincer grasp

socialization for 12 month old

says 2 words besides dada and mama

security blanket

comprehends several words

achieves object permanence

show emotion

recognize objects by name