Chronic Venous Congestion and Thrombus Overview

A series of flashcards covering key concepts related to chronic venous congestion, thrombus formation, and embolism for exam study.

What is the most common cause of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Which symptom is commonly associated with chronic venous insufficiency?

Varicose veins

What is chronic venous congestion in the lungs often due to?

Left-sided heart failure

What primary mechanism leads to symptoms in chronic venous insufficiency?

Blood pooling due to valve dysfunction

Which conditions can lead to chronic venous congestion?

Post-thrombotic syndrome and May-Thurner syndrome

What can chronic venous congestion in the lungs result in?

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in alveoli

How does chronic venous congestion differ from hyperemia?

Congestion is due to impaired venous outflow, while hyperemia is due to increased arterial inflow.

Which condition is NOT typically associated with chronic venous insufficiency?

Pulmonary edema

What condition is characterized by atrophic plaques of ivory white skin in chronic venous insufficiency?

Atrophie blanche

What is the most common cause of thrombus formation?

Endothelial injury

What is a thrombus in a heart chamber called?

Cardiac thrombus

Which factor is NOT included in Virchow's triad?

Hypotension

What color do thrombi typically appear?

Both red and white

Where is a common location for venous thrombi to form?

Deep veins of the legs

What condition is most likely to cause hypercoagulability?

Factor V Leiden mutation

What are Lines of Zahn indicative of?

Thrombus formation in flowing blood.

What can arterial thrombi typically lead to?

Ischemia and infarction

What is one potential outcome of thrombus formation?

All of the above (Resolution, Propagation, Organization and recanalization)

How does heparin prevent thrombus formation?

By activating antithrombin III.

What characterizes antiphospholipid syndrome?

Increased risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis.

What is an embolus?

A detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass.

What is the most common type of embolism?

Thromboembolism.

Where does a pulmonary embolism typically originate?

Deep veins of the legs.

What is a paradoxical embolus?

An embolus that travels from the venous to the arterial circulation through a septal defect.

What is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism?

Chest pain.

What does a saddle embolus refer to?

A pulmonary embolus that lodges at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery.

What type of emboli is associated with decompression sickness?

Gas emboli.

Which diagnostic test is most useful for detecting pulmonary embolism?

CT pulmonary angiogram.

What causes Caisson disease?

Gas emboli due to rapid decompression.