APUSH Unit 4 People

Quiz Date 10/22/24

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the US (VA Dem-Rep) who was pro-French peace/equality. He kept many prior Federalist policies (ex: National Bank, tariffs) and enforced acts like Embargo and Non-Intercourse Acts during French Revolution.

Henry Clay

THE Whig Compromise guy and War Hawks leader during War of 1812, securing war declaration and later ensured peace in Treaty of Ghent as negotiator. He would develop the American System.

John C. Calhoun

SC VP under Adams and Jackson who was pro-states rights, limited govt., and nullification through anonymously written SC Exposition and Protest after Jackson passes Tariff of Abominations, which led him to dispute and leave office.

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader/Brother to Prophet who tried defending/leading a Native unification against American western expansion. After major loss in Battle of Tippecanoe, he sides with British later dies in Battle of Thames, killing all hopes of Native unity.

Prophet

Also known as Tenskwatawa, he was a Shawnee leader/brother to Tecumseh that recklessly attacked British with small force in Battle of Tippecanoe while his brother was away, resulting in huge Shawnee death and loss of hope for Native unity.

William Henry Harrison

Governor of Indiana territory who defeated the Shawnee at Battle of Tippecanoe, causing him to become a national hero and thwarting any hopes of Native unification.

John Marshall

Federalist Chief Justice appointed by John Adams that helped establish judicial review and increased supreme court/federal government power over states economy and rights.

Aaron Burr

(NY Dem-Rep Senator) ran as VP in Election of 1800 but tied with Jefferson and refused to back down in Electoral College: House of Reps pick Jefferson. Later kills Hamilton, destroying political career and moves to England: later tries to convince some states to secede from America.

James Madison

4th President of the US (VA Rep) known as the "Father of the Constitution." He tried to navigate British French conflict to no avail through policies like Macon's Bill No. 2, eventually signing into war to prove Republican power.

Andrew Jackson

General in War of 1812 who defeated British in New Orleans, repeatedly thwarting Native threats and capturing forts in Spanish FL. He'd later become President for the common man, beating John Quincy Adams in 1828.

Francis Scott Key

American detained on British ship who saw America's courage against British in Battle of Fort McHenry and, inspired, wrote the "Star Spangled Banner," which would later be America's national anthem.

James Monroe

5th President of US that enforced Missouri Compromise, Florida-Purchase Treaty, and Monroe Doctrine (written by JQA), declaring US opposition to European interference in Americas.

Eli Whitney

Invented cotton gin and interchangeable parts, allowing for highly profitable southern cotton/slave and mass machine industry

Samuel Slater

"Father of the American Factory System" and skilled British mechanic who memorized British textile mill plans and snuck them over to America, founding the American textile industry.

Cyrus McCormick

Invented the McCormick Reaper to help farmers harvest grain, catalyzing farming and large food production and benefitting foreign/domestic markets

Daniel Webster

Whig who, along with Whig Henry Clay, presented Congress with a bill to renew US Bank's charter right before Election of 1832; later became SOS under Harrison.

Nicholas Biddle

Wealthy President of 2BUS, struggling to keep it functioning for wealthy elite when Jackson attempts to destroy it for common man.

Martin Van Buren

Jackson's puppet president and winner of Election of 1836 who had to deal with many of the issues Jackson left behind such as Panic of 1837 and enemies. He wasn't as popular as Jackson; Democrats thought he was smuggled into Presidency.

Dorothea Dix

Reformer and pioneer in treating/caring for mentally ill, advocating for their humanity and improved jail, poorhouse, and asylum conditions.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American transcendentalist who promoted individualism, individual intuition, and human connection with nature through his notable works "Self-Reliance" and "Nature."

Henry David Thoreau

Inspired by Ralph Waldo Emerson's ideas, this transcendentalist took his ideas further through nature work "Walden," where he recounts his time in the woods, and societal work "Civil Disobedience," where he advocates for individual moral action against unjust laws.

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Novelist and author of "The Scarlet Letter," a tale explaining the psychological effects of sin in Puritan Boston. He dealt with heavy themes of sin, murder, and past weights akin to his own life experiences.

James Fenimore Cooper

Novelist who propelled romantic frontier life/connection between nature/civilization themes through notable works "The Last of the Mochians," "The Spy," and "The Pioneers." Often included Natives to show American identity amidst expansion.

Edgar Allen Poe

Major transcendentalist poet known for his stark poetry/short stories in mystery/horror exploring death, madness, and supernatural themes.

Charles Grandison Finney

Presbyterian minister whose fiery NY sermons appealed to emotional fear against Satan/eternity in Hell than reason, insisting they could save themselves through good works/steady faith in God.

Brigham Young

Mormon leader after Joseph Smith who fled Mormons farther west from violence and settled at edge of desert near Great Salt Lake.

Horace Mann

Secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education who campaigned for significant educational reform (ex: better school programs and higher teacher pay) and making it accessible to all. Believed in fostering morals and education for good citizens.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Leader of Women's rights movement who shocked feminists by supporting women's suffrage, stating she left the word "obey" out of her marriage

Robert Owen

Established communal society New Harmony that attracted many types of people (scholars and crooks) but soon fell apart due to infighting in 2 years (some too radical, others didn't' want to work)

Walt Whitman

American poet and transcendentalist known for "Leaves of Grass," celebrating democracy, individuality, and human experience through free verse. He was inspired by Emerson's views on nature and self-reliance.

Emily Dickinson

Massachusetts-born recluse poet who focused on emotional insight and observing life: she explored nature, the inner psyche, death, and immortality. Refused to publish her ~2000 during her life, but they were published after her death.