Chapter 22: The Progressives - US History

Populist Movement

Movement of farmers in the late 1800s to become politically involved to protect their interest in America; movement wanted to expand the money supply and regulate Big Business. (Wizard of Oz)

The Wizard of Oz

Book by L. Frank Baum that used symbolism to satire the politics of the day every character in the book represented some form of people in society discussed the gold standard became a best seller

Oligopoly

a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.

Muckraker

a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society

Initiative

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

Referendum

A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed laws or a proposed constitutional amendments.

Recall

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

suffragist

an advocate of the extension of voting rights (especially to women)

Prohibition

A total ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol

Trustbuster

Someone who breaks up a trust into smaller companies. Theodore Roosevelt got this nickname in the early 1900s

Arbitration

settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider

Square Deal (3 C's)

conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection

conservation

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment. Led to National Park system in the USA

Discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. In our case, aimed at minority groups, such as African Americans, Native Americans and the Chinese.

Segregation

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. Made legal in the USA by the case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

Mutualistas

organized groups of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community

Barrios

Spanish-speaking neighborhoods in a town or city

Thomas Nast

A famous caricaturist and editorial cartoonist in the 19th century and is considered to be the father of American political cartooning. His artwork was primarily based on political corruption. He helped people realize the corruption of some politicians

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

Outlawed monopolies and practices that restrained trade

Oregon System

reforms consisting of initiative, referendum and recall that originated in Oregon.

17th Amendment

Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote

United Mine Workers Strike

Strike in PA that TR realized would make people run out of coal resulting in a loss of heat. So, he threatened to send troops to work the mines unless the owners agreed to negotiate. Led to shift in government view of labor negotiations.

Meat Inspection Act

1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

This law forbade the manufacture or transport or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs and poisonous patent medicines and gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. It paved the way for the eventual creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) still in existence as the FDA.

National Conservation Commission

Created by Roosevelt to oversee the National Park system.

Election of 1912

When the Republican's votes were split between Taft and Roosevelt, the Democrats stayed together and elected Wilson as President. The Republicans had no chance because they had two candidates running. Oh, and the Socialists (Eugene V. Debs) got 7.5% of the Popular Vote.

Federal Reserve Act

This act established the Federal System, which established 12 distinct reserve to be controlled by the banks in each district; in addition, a Federal Reserve board was established to regulate the entire structure; improved public confidence in the banking system.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

a federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group. Extreme example of nativism of period

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax