Nutrition CH 9

Water and Minerals

Water Functions:

Water Functions:

1. Solvent (things dissolve)

2. Mucous, tears, saliva synovial fluid

3. Temperature regulation

4. Cushion

5. Medium chemical reactions

These two vitamins have the same function:

Potassium

Sodium

Daily AI (adequate intake):

• 2-3 Liters

• 8-12 X 8 oz

• 1 mL / kcal (not specific)

Extracellular Fluids are….

⅓ body water

Extracellular Fluid Vitamins include:

• Ca2+ (Calcium)

• Na+ (Sodium)

• Cl- (Chloride)

Intracellular Fluids are:

⅔ body water 

Intracellular Fluids Vitamins Include:

• K+ (Potassium)

• PO2- (Phosphorus)

Organs that regulate water balance:

• Kidneys

• Lungs

Organs that regulate minerals:

• GI tract

• Kidneys

Four Major Minerals:

• Sodium

• Potassium

• Calcium

• Phosphorus

Sodium (Na+) Functions:

• Nerve impulses

• Muscle contractions

The main EFC Cation is?

Sodium

Sodium Food:

Processed table salt

To have a healthy heart, reduce which vitamin?

Sodium

Is Sodium a cation or anion and is it ECF or ICF?

• Cation

• ECF

Potassium (K+) Functions:

• Nerve impulses

• Muscle contractions

The main ICF Cation is?

Potassium

Potassium Foods:

All fruits and vegetables

To have a healthy heart, increase which vitamin?

Potassium

Is Potassium a cation or anion and is it ECF or ICF?

• Cation

• ICF

Calcium Functions:

• Strong bones and teeth

• Mineralizes bones

Calcium Foods:

3 Servings Dairy

8 oz. of milk

1.5 oz of cheese

6-8 oz. yogurt

How many servings of dairy?

3

How many ounces of milk?

8

How many ounces of cheese?

1.5

How many ounces of yogurt?

6-8

Is Calcium a cation or anion and is it ECF or ICF?

• Cation

• ECF

Phosphorus (Po2-) Function:

• ATP = energy metabolism

Phosphorus Food:

Dairy

Lower what in soda?

Phosphate

Is Phosphorus a cation or anion and is it ECF or ICF?

• Anion

• ICF

Electrolytes have a…

positive or negative charge

Trace Minerals:

• Iron

• Zinc

• Iodide

Iron Functions:

• Cognitive functions

• Hemoglobin

• Myoglobin

Iron Foods:

Heme (animal): not dairy, meats, fish, pork, poultry (MFP Factor)

Non-Heme: Fortified cereal, whole grains, leafy greens

Hemoglobin (Iron):

O2 carrying protein in blood

Myoglobin (Iron):

In muscles

Zinc Functions:

• Growth

• Sexual Maturity

• Reproduction

• Wound Healing

Zinc Foods:

All animal foods (dairy, eggs, meat)

Iodine Functions:

Thyroid hormone

Iodine Foods:

Iodized salt

Iodine Deficiency:

Goiter

• child cretin