7.2 ~ Imperialism Debates

When was Hawaii founded?

1795

What grew rapidly on the Hawaiian Islands that led to massive American financial investment?

sugar plantations

What was Pearl Harbor used for?

Naval Port

Who sponsored a series of rebellions and coups?

American-born and British-born sugar plantation owners

When was the Kingdom of Hawaii overthrown?

1893

Why was Hawaii overthrown?

the U.S. personnel in Hawaii abused their power

Who was the last sovereign of the Kingdom of Hawaii?

Queen Liluokalani

Who called for an investigation into the overthrow of Hawaii?

President Grover Cleveland

Who authorized the annexation of Hawaii in 1898?

President William McKinley

What are Jingoes?

expansionists that believed that domestic tensions in the country might be resolved by a more robust foreign policy

What did Jingoes believe would spark nationalistic spirit?

foreign policy and even war

What were expansionist driven by?

competitive impulses

What did Anglo-Saxons, American exceptionalism, and Social Darwinism teach?

* that white Protestant races deserved to rule
* they were the fittest
* they had a responsibility to take over the world

Whose theory did scholars find a philosophic justification for expansionism?

Charles Darwin

How did scholars and others see nations as?

“races”, like biological species

Who wrote **The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890)**?

U.S Naval Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan

What did **The influence of Sea Power Upon History** focus on?

the idea that the US needed to pour money and resources into building a powerful, world-class navy to become a major world power

What did Naval Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argue?

that the US needed to occupy sites around the world

What is American Imperialism?

a quest for markets and raw materials

What was then goal of the American Anti-Imperialist League in (1899)?

to push back against imperialism

What did some fear would pollute the American population?

introducing “inferior” Asian races into it

What did Anti-Imperialist argue?

that ruling over other nations and people who didn’t want the US over them was hypocritical