INORG CHEM

1st: O2 2nd: Si 3rd: Al (most abundant metal)

Most Abundant ELEMENT

N2 (Nitrogen)

Air= 70% N2 + 30% O2

Most abundant AIR GAS

Ar (Argon)

Ang Rami (madami)

Most abundant NOBLE GAS

Kr (Krypton)= least and Xe (Xenon)

Least Abundant NOBLE GASES

PISO (K+ IN, Na+ OUT)

PICO HPO4 IN, Cl- OUT)

Intracellular & Extracellular Ions:

Most abundant /Major/Principal/Primary 1*

MICO (Mg IN, Ca OUT)

BIO (HCO3 OUT)

Intracellular & Extracellular Ions:

2nd Most Abundant/Minor/Secondary 2*

HCO3 to H2CO3 ratio

Most important physiological buffer system

CO2 (Acidic) =Inc (Acidosis) =Dec (Alkalosis)

Respiratory

HCO3- (Basic) =Inc (Alkalosis) =Dec (Acidosis)

Metabolic

Sodium bicarbonate (aka Baking soda)

DOC for Metabolic Acidosis

Vitamins for Maximum Mineral Absorption

FeCaDSeE

Fe- Vit. C Ca- Vit. D Se- Vit. E

CuSO4

Enhance Fe (Iron) utilization

N2 (Nitrogen)

=Phlogisticated air

Black cylinder

NO2, N2O (Nitric Oxide)

Blue cylinder

Mg(OH)2 (magnesium hydroxide)

Blue Bottle

O2 (Oxygen)

=dephlogisticated air

Green cylinder

Ar (Argon)

Dark green

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Grey

He (Helium)

Brown

H2 (Hydrogen)

Red

Acetylene

Maroon

Acetylene/Ethylene

For fruit ripening

Cl2 (chlorine)

Yellow

Li (Lithium)

Coated with petroleum or under oil (reactive)

White/Yellow Phosphorus

Under water

Silica + Na2CO3

Glass made up of

Type 1

Highly Resistant Borosilicate (Pyrex, Borosil)

Boron

Dec coefficient of expansion

Type 2

Treated Soda Lime Glass

Type 3

Soda Lime Glass; for Dry Powder Packaging

Type 4

General Soda Lime Glass; Not for parenteral

Type 2

Water Attach Test

Type 1 & 3

Powdered Glass Test

K

Brown/Amber, Light-resistant

Se (Selenium)

Red

MnO2 (manganese dioxide)

Mask blue-green color Fe usu. present in glass

B (as Borate)

Dec coefficient of expansion

Pb

Inc refractive index

Rare Earths

Selectively absorb light of certain wavelengths

HF (hydrofluoric acid)

Glass etching

Radiopharmaceuticals for: Liver

Tc99m IDA (Imino diacetic acid) Tc99m phyte Au 198 I 131 Rose Bengal Na iodohippurate

Liver:

Hepato-billiary studies

Tc99m IDA (Imino diacetic acid)

Liver imaging-> potency studies "LIVER PHYTES POTENT TOXIN"

Tc99m phytate

Liver Scanning

Au 198

Tracer of Liver function

I 131 Rose Bengal

Diagnosis of liver function

Na iodohippurate

Radiopharmaceuticals for: Kidney

Tc99m heptagluconate Hg197 chlormerodin

Kidney imaging-> Renal Function determination

Tc99m heptagluconate

Kidney & Brain Scintillation Scanning

Hg197 chlormerodrin

Radiopharmaceuticals for: Heart

Tc99m sestamibi/methoxy isobutyl isonitrile I 131 NaI

Myocardial perfusion agent

Tc99m sestamibi/methoxy isobutyl isonitrile

Cardiac Output Determination -> Blood plasma volume

I 131 NaI

Radiopharmaceutical for: Thyroid

Tc99m pertechnate I 125 NaI

Thyroid Scanning

Tc99m pertechnate

Diagnosis of Thyroid Disorder

I 125 NaI

Bone Imaging

Tc99m etidronate/phosphonates

Lung scanning

Tc99m macroaggregated albumin

Spleen imaging, RBC mass

Cr 51

Treatment of Polycythemia vera

P32 Na phosphate

Diagnosis for Pernicious anemia

Co57 cyanocobalamin

Diagnosis for Pancreatic tumors

Se75 selenomethionine

Stand for 30 mins to 1 hr after taking the medicine. Do not lay in bed because it causes stomach discomfort.

Etidronate & Risedronate medication

Plumber's Solder Solder Pewter Babbitt Type metal Rose metal

Important Alloys

67% Pb, 33% Sn

Plumber's Solder

50% Pb, 50% Sn

Solder

20% Pb, 80% Sn

Pewter

20% Sb, 80% Sn

Babbitt

50% Pb, 25% Sn, 25% Sb

Type metal

25% Pb, 25% Sn, 50% Bi

Rose Metal

Copper + Sn

Bronze

Copper + Sn (90 : 10)

Gun Metal

Copper + Sn + Sb (12.5 : 75 : 12.5)

Anti-Friction Metal

Copper + Zn

Brass

Copper + Ni

Monel

Copper + Ni + Zn

German Silver

Copper + Ag (7.5 : 92.5)

Sterling Silver

Aluminum + Ni

Raney Nickel

Iron + 3% C

Steel

Iron + 70% Ce

Misch Metal

Cd, Sn, Pb, Bi (12.5 : 12.5 : 25 : 50)

Woods Metal

COLORS OF TRANSITION METAL IONS IN AQ. SOLN

-Based on Oxidation State

Blue

Cu (+2)

Blue

Cr (+2)

Green

Cr (+3)

Yellow

Cu (+6): Chromate=Cr2O4^-2

Orange

Cu (+6): Dichromate=Cr2O7^-2

Green

Fe (+2)

Ferrous

Yellow/Orage/Brown

Fe (+3)

Ferric

Pink

Co (+2)

Green

Mnemonics: GreeNi

Nickel (+2)

Ethylene

fruit ripening

Grp 1A: Alkali Metals

H, Li, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, NH4+ Most reactive group (Seldom found free in nature) Activity, Alkalinity: Inc with Atomic # Degree of solvation: Dec with Atomic # Valence: +1

Hydrogen (H2)

*Water forming when burned with O2 *Inflammable air *Lightest element *Prep: Lane & Messerschmidt process (99% pure H2) *Isotope: (H1) Protium- Most abundant (2H) Deuterium- Heavy (D2O: heavy water) (3H) Tritium- Radioactive *Industrial Process

NMR (1H NMR)

Deuterated solvents (Deuterium)

PHaber process (N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3 @ high pressure) *Oil Dehydration-margarine production *Balloon inflation *GC gas carrier (also: He, N)

Industrial Uses of Hydrogen (H2)

Lithium (Li)

*Lithos (earth, rock) *Lightest metal *Use: Diuretic (S/E: hypovolemia, hyponatremia) *Mood Stabilizer (sedative); DOC for mania (S/E: Narrow TI)

Li bromide - additive sedative effects

Li carbonate -Brands: (Eskalith, Lithase, Quilonium R)=common in market

Non Pharmaceutical use of Lithium

Air-con heat exchanger

Sodium (Na)

*Natrium (native) *Cation of choice for organic meds

Potassium (K)

*Kalium (Potash) *Use: Diuretic, muscle contractant

Rubidium (Rb)

*Spectral line: red; yr 1861