[FUNAV] M1 (P1): Air Transportation (The Formative Period & The Growth Years)

air mail service

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

The early years of aviation were characterized by predominantly ad-hoc _______.

Contract Air Mail Act of 1925

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

authorized the postmaster general to enter into contracts with private citizens or companies for the transportation of mail by air

The Air Commerce Act of 1926

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

established for the first time federal regulations regarding aircraft, airmen, navigational facilities and air traffic regulations

feeder routes

designed to feed traffic into the main-line trunk route

The Post Office Department

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

They first set up short feeder routes (designed to feed traffic into the main-line trunk route) between various cities and scheduled the start of a transcontinental Columbia route once the short lines were working satisfactorily. The feeder routes were mostly operated by contractors .

Contract Air Mail

What does CAM stands for?

1918 – 1938: The Formative Period

1938 – 1958: The Growth Years

1958 – 1978: Maturity – Jets Arrive

Economic Developments Prior to Deregulation

Federal Legislation and the Airlines

Post-deregulation Evolution General Aviation

The history of Air Transportation in order: 6

Colonial Airlines

[The Formative Period: 1918-1938: The independent contractor air operators eventually transformed into airlines]

which won CAM route 1 between New York and Boston, was the predecessor of American Airlines

Western Air Express

[The Formative Period: 1918-1938: The independent contractor air operators eventually transformed into airlines] operator of CAM 4 from Los Angeles to Salt Lake City, eventually became part of TWA

Northwest Airlines

[The Formative Period: 1918-1938: The independent contractor air operators eventually transformed into airlines]

picked up CAM 9 from Chicago to Minneapolis after the original contractor gave it up

Varney Speed Lines, Pacific Air Transport

[The Formative Period: 1918-1938: The independent contractor air operators eventually transformed into airlines]

United absorbed the operators of two western carriers,

_____, operator of CAM 5, and _____, operator of CAM 8

The Air Mail Act of 1930

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

empowered the postmaster general to consolidate air mail routes if he thought that would serve the public interest, effectively monopolizing the industry

Central, Northern, and Southern

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

Three main mail routes—____, ____, ____ —out of the original CAM routes were established and assigned to three airlines

The Air Mail Act of 1934

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

authorized new one-year contracts that were subject to review before renewal – effectively undoing the Air Mail Act of 1930

The Air Mail Act of 1934

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

–An act that a provision was added that barred all prior contract holders from bidding anew; Most airlines were forced to reorganize and aircraft manufacturers were forced to separate from the airlines themselves

The Air Mail Act of 1934

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

Boeing had to pull out of United

Avco gave up American

North American sold its TWA holdings

General Motors surrendered its stock in both Eastern and

Western

December 1, 1935

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

On ______, the first airway traffic control center was formed in Newark, New Jersey, to inform by radio all pilots in the vicinity as to the whereabouts of other air traffic during instrument conditions

The Air Mail Act of 1934

[The Formative Period: 1918- 1938]

Once the 1934 Air Mail Act had become law, a new group of managers emerged who would have to face seemingly unsurmountable challenges:

• The airlines had a fatality rate 1,500 times that of the railroads and 900 times that of buses

• In 1932, the carriers had 108 accidents, 16 of them fatal

• Not until the 1940s did passenger revenues exceed the

income from mail payment

Post Office Department

Commerce Department

Interstate Commerce Commission

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

Three agencies held power over air commerce in

various intertwined areas: (3)

Post Office Department

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

They managed and funded early airmail routes, which financially supported the first airlines and pushed aviation to grow.

Commerce Department

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

Created early aviation safety standards, licensed pilots and aircraft, and developed navigation systems to make flying safer and more organized.

Interstate Commerce Commission

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

Controlled airline fares, routes, and economic practices in the early years, shaping how airlines competed and operated.

The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

which established the Civil Aeronautics Authority, centralized federal authorities

deHavilland Comet

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

Based on technological advances during World War II, massive growth occurred:

• Advent of modern air traffic control with radar technology

• New aircraft were developed, the first jetliner (______) made its debut in 1952

Flight radio operators

Navigators

Engineers

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

In 1947, the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA)

began certifying three new classes of flight

personnel due to the increased complexity of

aircraft operation:

Boeing

[The Growth Years: 1938-1958]

started the development of the B707, signaling the dawn of a new age in aviation