Political Ideologies (Video Notes)

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key ideologies and related concepts from the video notes.

Anarchism

A political ideology aiming to abolish government, often advocating self-governing communities and maximum individual freedom.

Right-wing ideologies

Ideologies that oppose change and often look to the past for guidance; fear of disruption.

Monarchism

A system that centralizes authority in one ruler who holds broad or sole power.

Fascism

A far-right, authoritarian system led by a charismatic leader, emphasizing nationalism and often racism.

Nazism

Nazism promoted Aryan racial superiority, persecuted Jews, Roma, Slavs, and rejected democracy in favor of loyalty to a single leader.

Holocaust

Genocide carried out by the Nazi regime resulting in about 6 million Jewish deaths.

Capitalism

An economic system where private individuals own and control property and means of production.

Socialism

An ideology promoting collective or state ownership and democratic control of production and resources.

Communism

An ideology seeking a classless, stateless society with common ownership of production.

Conservatism

A political philosophy favoring tradition, stability, and cautious gradual change.

Edmund Burke

Pioneer conservative thinker who advocated preserving tradition and resisting rapid change.

Democracy

A form of government where power rests with the people, directly or via elected representatives.

Liberalism

A philosophy prioritizing individual freedom, equal rights, and limited government.

Nationalism

An ideology centered on strong loyalty and identity with one’s nation and its self-rule.

Realism

A worldview emphasizing objective reality and practical approaches in politics, art, and life.

Utilitarianism

A moral theory that the best action maximizes overall happiness or welfare.

Environmentalism

A movement focused on protecting the natural environment and promoting sustainability.

Feminism

A movement advocating gender equality and challenging oppression of women.

Community (Elements of socialism)

Humans as social beings; emphasis on collective welfare and unity.

Fraternity / Collectivism

Promotes cooperation and solidarity to strengthen social bonds.

Individualism (Elements of socialism)

Acknowledges competition and personal initiative; may lead to rivalries.

Social Equality (Elements of socialism)

Prioritizes equal rights and fairness across society.

Need (Elements of socialism)

Distributes resources according to need, not wealth or effort.

Common Ownership (Elements of socialism)

Ownership of resources by the community to reduce selfishness and division.

Social Class (Elements of socialism)

Aims to eradicate or reduce class-based inequalities and promote fairness.

Social Justice (Elements of socialism)

Aims to eliminate or reduce social inequalities and ensure fair treatment.

Two dimensions of ideologies

Ideologies differ by goals (how society should be organized) and methods (how to achieve the goal).