Function of all brain areas

Frontal lobe

manage thinking, emotions, personality, self-control, judgement, memory and more

Parietal lobe

process sensory information from the body and integrate it with other information to form cohesive understanding

What is in control of sensory perception and proprioception?

parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

process visual information

Temporal lobe

process auditory information

Central sulcus

separates the frontal and parietal lobes, divides the primary motor cortex with the primary somatosensory cortex

Broca’s area

motor speech area; regulates normal breathing patterns while speaking and vocalizing required for normal speech

Where is the broca’s area located

near the motor cortex in the frontal lobe (left side)

Wernick’s area

understanding of spoken and written language; comprehension of speech

Where is the wernicke’s area located?

upper temporal lobe in left hemisphere

Midbrain structures

substantia niagra and periaquenductal gray

Corpus collosum

white matter tracts of axons that connects the left and right hemispheres

Pons

connects higher brain centers and the spinal cord; relays impulses between motor cortex and cerebellum

The medulla is the

autonomic reflex center

Two centers of medulla control

cardiovascular center and respiratory center

Cardiovascular center of medulla

cardiac center adjust force and rate of heart contractions, vasomotor center adjust blood vessel diameter for blood pressure regulation

Respiratory center of medulla

generate respiratory rhythm, control rate and depth of breathing (with pontine centers)

Medulla may also regulate

vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing

Thalamus

gateway to the cerebral cortex; sorts, edits, and relays ascending information

Thalamus receives impulses from

hypothalamus - regulation of emotion and visceral function

cerebellum and basal nucelli - direct motor cortex

Thalamus also function to

send impulsed for memory and sensory information

mediation of sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning, and memory

Hippocampus

banana shaped; learning and memory

Lateral ventricle

filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Hypothalamus

controls the ANS, endocrine system, physical response to emotions, and regulates body temp, hunger/satiety, water balance/thirst, and sleep-wake cycle

Pre-limbic cortex

suppress or initiation of actions to avoid aversive events

modulates physiological responses to emotional stress

Dentate Gyrus

location of new neuron formation/productions

Learning and memory

Substantia niagra

loss of dopamine neurons leads to parkinsons

Periaqueductal Gray

controls pain, defensive behavior and other vital functions

involved in pain suppression; descending modulation of pain

Dorsal Raphe Nucleus

production of serotonin

descending modulation of pain

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

processing emotion (fear)

forming and storing memory associated with memory

emotional regulation; fear

Ventral Tegmental Area

part of the reward system

increase in dopamine produces feeling of pleasure; addiction

Nucleus accumbens

part of reward system

involved in addiction

interface with motivation and addiction

Initial regions of the brain

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Prosencephalon regions

telencephalon, diencephalon

Telencephalon develops into

cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia

Diencephalon develops into

thalamus, hypothalamus; optic cups - retina

Mesencephalon develops into

superior and inferior colliculi and midbrain tegmentum

Rhombencephalon divides to

metencephalon and myelencaphalon

metencephalon develops to

cerebellum and pons

myelencephalon develops into

medulla