USH1 Midterm Review Cont.

Federalist Papers #10

× Written by James Madison

× Addresses the concern about “factions”

being harmful to the rights of others

× Argued that a strong, BIG republic would

be a better guard against factions than

smaller republics.

Ratification Successful!

(by 1790)

× Antifederalists pushed back on the founders

to include a declaration of protected rights

(BoR)

× Federalists agreed to include a Bill of Rights if

the holdout states agreed to ratify

× Constitution Ratified with BoR added by

1791

Passing an Amendment

DELIBERATELY DIFFICULT!

× Article V of the Constitution describes the process

whereby the Constitution may be altered.

1. Proposed by the United States Congress

2. A national convention assembled at the request

of the legislatures of at least 2/3 of the states.

Congress (most common):

The method in Congress requires 2/3 of both houses;

this means 2/3 of those members voting in each house

× It must then be ratified by three-fourths of the states

—38 out of the current 50 US states (in 2015)

Publius”

Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay

51 29 5

Federalists

Alexander Hamilton, James

Madison, John Jay - all known as

"Publius" in the Federalist Papers.

Property owners (the "landed

rich"), wealthy merchants in

Northern states

Believed in elitism. Saw

themselves and those of their

class as those most fit to govern.

Believed in a powerful central

government that was not too close

to the people.

Did not trust people who were not

from their social class.

Anti-Federalists

Thomas Jefferson, "Brutus", and

"Cato".

Small farmers, shopkeepers,

laborers.

Believed in the decency of the

common man and in participatory

democracy (closer to direct

democraсy).

Feared a central government that

was too strong. Sought greater

protection of individual rights.

Viewed elites as corrupt and not to

be trusted.