Unit 3 Chemistry Study Guide: Bonding

Lewis Dot Diagrams

Visual representations of an atom's valence electrons as dots around the element symbol, used to visualize bonding and lone pairs.

Ionic Bonds

Bonds formed when one atom donates electrons to another, resulting in the formation of cations and anions.

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

Bonds where electrons are shared equally between atoms with similar electronegativities.

Polar Covalent Bonds

Bonds where electrons are shared unequally due to differences in electronegativity, resulting in a dipole moment.

Octet Rule

Principle stating that atoms form bonds to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Cations

Positively charged ions formed when atoms lose electrons.

Anions

Negatively charged ions formed when atoms gain electrons.

Electronegativity

Measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond, with higher values indicating stronger attraction.

Binary Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds composed of two different elements, named with the metal first followed by the nonmetal with the suffix '-ide'.

Binary Molecular Compounds

Molecules consisting of two nonmetals, where prefixes are used to denote the number of each atom.