APUSH UNIT 7 lessons 7-9

Square deal

Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program

Three C’s

• Conservation of natural resources

• Corporations

  • Rah they call him the trust buster for a reason

• Consumer protection

Hepburn Act

1906 - expanded the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission

• Set maximum railroad rates

• Effectively regulated the railroad industry

• Gave the government Control in the Railroad industry

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 - prohibited the sale of adulterated or mislabeled food and drugs in interstate commerce

• Basis of the modern day FDA

• The jungle was here

Meat Inspection Act

1906 - mandated strict sanitation standards for meat processing plants

• Required federal inspection of all meat shipped across state lines

• The jungle was here

Anthracite Coal Strike

1902 - major labor strike by miners. Roosevelt settles the dispute - precedent for federal involvement in labor issues

Demanded

• Better wages

• Shorter working hours

• Recognition of their union

Arbitration

What a neutral third-party conclusively determines the outcome of a dispute between two parties

• Teddy Roosevelt the arbitrating goat

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

Major point of contention in the conservation debates

• San Francisco wants to build a dam and create a reservoir

• This would lead to a loss of natural beauty - John Muir is mad mad

Panic of 1907

1907 - caused by bank failures, and stock market panic, lead to economic instability but… SHE WAS BREIF

• Theodore Roosevelt request the help of Wall Street Bankers (JP MORGAN)

Muckraker

A journalist from the progressive era who used investigative reporting to expose corruption

• Upton Sinclair

• Ida Tarbell

• Jacob Riis

• Lyncoln Steffens

• Frank Norris

Upton Sinclair

Wrote: The Jungle

• The intention was to bring about socialism

• Instead brought attention to the disgustingness of the meat industry

Ida Tarbell

Wrote: The History of The Standard Oil Company

• Expose the corrupt monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company

  • The way they swept away small businesses

Lincoln Steffens

Wrote: The Shame of The City

• Brought attention to widespread corruption in city, governments, and political machines

McClure‘s Magazine

This American periodical focused on exposing societal issues

• Published for:

  • Ida Tarbell

  • Lincoln Steffens

Settlement House

Community centers established in poor urban neighborhoods - run by white women

• Provided to immigrants:

  • Social services

  • Education

  • Support

Hull House

1889 - prominent settlement house founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr

• Community center providing

  • Social services

  • Education

  • Support

Jane Addams

Leader of the “settlement house movement”

• Hull House

Dedicated her life to aiding impoverished immigrants and providing them various social services:

• education

• healthcare

• community support

Florence Kelley

Battled for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers.

• General Secretary of the National Consumers League

• Helped the Hull House women with an Illinois anti-sweatshop law

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Taft 1909 - was supposed to lower tariff rates - ended up raising them instead

• “Best bill ever passed”

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

Taft 1909 - Pinchot (forest service) accuses Ballinger (secretary of the interior) of opening land that should be closed. Taft sides with Ballinger.

• Pinchot was right

• Led to split of Republican Party

The Progressive Party

1912 - Theodore Roosevelt’s Party

• Emerging from the progressive movement

• Splits of Republican party

• What Roosevelt uses to go against Taft

New Nationalism

Political platform of Theodore Roosevelt with the Progressive Party - human rights over property rights

• Active federal government role in regulating the economy

• Promoting social welfare programs

  • Minimum wage

  • Social insurance

  • Eight hour workday

New Freedom

Political platform by Woodrow Wilson with the Democratic Party - addressed economic inequality

• Breaking up monopolies

• Reducing tariffs

• Reforming the baking system

• (Yes small businesses! Screw big businesses!)

Underwood Tariff

1913 - reduced tariffs on manufactured goods

• Follow the belief, the high tariffs created monopolies and her consumers

Federal Reserve Act

1913 - establish the central banking system of the United States

• Created a more stable and secure financial system by regulating the money supply

• Provided a mechanism for banks to lend to each other

• Allowed government to control inflation

City Manager Plan

Fought political-management corruption, lessened power corruption

• Appointed Manager would execute the policy set by the council

• Council focuses on policy making

City Commissioner Plan

Form of government where a small group of elected commissioners hold both legislative and executive power

• Split power = Less corruption

Frances Willard

Educator, temperance reformer and women’s suffragist

• Leading figure of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

WCTU

Women’s organization, founded by reformer Francis Willard to oppose alcohol consumption

• Men drink alcohol —> waste of money

• This also made home life safer for women and children

18th Amendment

Established Prohibition nationwide

• No manufacturing

• No sale

• No transportation

Eventually, ratified and repealed by the 21st amendment

Robert LaFollette

Governor of Wisconsin that created the “Wisconsin idea”; made Wisconsin a model state for progressive policies

• Direct primaries

• Increase regulation of railroads

• Campaign finance laws

Bruv eventually ran for President with the progressive party in 1924

Initiative

A political process for citizens can directly propose new laws/constitutional amendment by gathering signatures on a petition

• allowed voters to bypass traditional legislative processes and put issues directly on the ballot for voting

Referendum

Direct vote by citizens on a proposed law or policy

• Allowed citizens to approve a reject a measure that has already been passed by legislature

• Gave public the final say in a piece of legislation

Direct primary

This election where voters directly choose a political parties candidate for an office

• Different from the past idea of having a candidate selected by party bosses or delegates

• Gave more power to the general public

Recall

When people can petition and vote to have an elective official removed from office

• This is so hee hee ha ha

Direct Election of Senators

When citizens directly vote to choose their senators

16th Amendment

Gives Congress the power to levy an income tax on individual without having to distribute yet among the state based on population

• equitable tax system, and consideration of the poor and the rich

17th Amendment

Officially allows for the direct election of senators by the public instead of election by state legislature