ap lang vocab 4, 5, 6

AFF-a-ble

(adj.) courteous and pleasant sociable, easy to speak to

synonyms: genial, amicable, cordial

antonyms: surly, cantankerous, dour, inhospitable

a-GGRAN-dize

(v.) to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater

synonyms: augment, amplify, enhance, exalt

antonyms: reduce, decrease, diminsih

a-MOR-phous

(adj.) shapeless, without definite form; of no particular type or character; without organization, unity, or cohesion

synonyms: formless, unstructured, inchoate

antonyms: definite, well-defined, clear-cut

AR-che-type

(n.) an original model on which something was patterned or replicated the ideal example of a particular type of person or thing

synonyms: model, prototype, epitome

AU-ra

(n.) that which surrounds (as an atmosphere); a distinctive air / personal quality

synonyms: ambience, atmosphere

CON-tra-band

(n.) illegal traffic, smuggled goods; (adj.) illegal, prohibited

synonyms: (adj.) bootleg, unlawful

antonyms: (adj.) legal, lawful, lict

ER-u-dite

(adj.) scholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic

synonyms: profoundly educated, well-read

antonyms: ignorant, uneducated, illiterate

GOSS-a-mer

(adj.) thin, light, delicate, insubstantial; (n.) a very thin, light cloth

synonyms: (adj.) filmy, diaphanous, sheer, airy, feathery, gauzy

antonyms: (adj.) dense, solid, massive

in-SCRU-ta-ble

(adj.) incapable of being understood impossible to see through physically

synonyms: impenetrable, incomprehensible, enigmatic

antonyms: comprehensible, intelligible, penetrable

IN-su-lar

(adj.) relating to, characteristic of, or situated on an island; narrow or isolated in outlook or experience

synonyms: narrow-minded, parochial, provincial

antonyms: catholic, cosmopolitan, liberal

i-RREV-o-ca-ble

(adj.) incapable of being changed or called back

synonyms: unrecallable, unalterable

antonyms: reversible, changeable

pro-PEN-si-ty

(n.) a natural inclination or predilection toward

synonyms: natural bent, proclivity, penchant

antonyms: natural incapacity or inability

QUER-u-lous

(adj.) peevish, complaining, fretful

synonyms: petulant, irritable

antonyms: uncomplaining, stoical

re-MON-strate

(v.) to argue with someone against something, protest against

synonyms: reason against, expostulate

re-PU-di-ate

(v.) to disown, reject, or deny the validity of

synonyms: disavow, renounce

antonyms: avow, affirm, aver

re-SIL-ient

(adj.) able to return to an original shape or form; able to recover quickly

synonyms: springy, elastic

antonyms: ridgid, stiff, inflexible

re-VER-be-rate

(v.) to re-echo, resound; to reflect or be reflected repeatedly

synonyms: rumble, thunder, boom, echo

SCURR-i-lous

(adj.) coarsely abusive, vulgar or low (especially in language), foul-mouthed

synonyms: obscene, filthy, abusive, vituperative

antonyms: decorus, seemly, tasteful, dignified

SED-u-lous

(adj.) persistent, showing industry and determination

synonyms: assiduous, indefatigable

antonyms: indolent, listless

SLEA-zy

(adj.) thin or flimsy in texture; cheap; shoddy or inferior in quality or character; ethically low, mean, or disreputable

synonyms: inferior, cheesy

antonyms: superior, first-rate

AM-ne-sty

(n.) a general pardon for an offense against a government; in general, any act of forgiveness or absolution

synonyms: reprieve

au-TON-o-my

(n.) self-government, political control

synonyms: home rule

antonyms: dependence, subjection

a-xi-o-MAT-ic

(adj.) self-evident, expressing a universally accepted principle

synonyms: taken for granted

antonyms: questionable, dubious

BLAZ-on

(v.) to adorn or embellish; to display conspicuously; to publish or proclaim widely

synonyms: broadcast, trumpet

antonyms: hide, conceal, bury

CAV-e-at

(n.) a warning or caution to prevent misunderstanding or discourage behavior

synonyms: admonition, word to wise

EQ-ui-ta-ble

(adj.) fair, just, embodying principles of justice

synonyms: right, reasonable, evenhanded

antonyms: unjust, unfair, one-sided, disproportionate

EX-tri-cate

(v.) to free from entanglements or difficulties; to remove with effort

synonyms: disentangle, extract

antonyms: enmesh, entangle

filch

(v.) to steal, especially in a sneaky way and in petty amounts

synonyms: pilfer, purloin, swipe

flout

(v.) to mock, treat with contempt

synonyms: sneer at, snicker at, scorn

antonyms: obey, honor

FRACT-ious

(adj.) tending to be troublesome; unruly, quarrelsome, contrary; unpredictable

synonyms: refractory recalcitrant, peevish,

antonyms: docile, tractable, cooperative

PRE-cept

(n.) a rule of conduct or action

synonyms: principle, maxim

SAL-u-tar-y

(adj.) beneficial, helpful; healthful, wholesome

synonyms: salubrious, curative

antonyms: detrimental, deleterious

SCA-thing

(adj.) bitterly severe, withering; causing great harm

synonyms: searing, harsh, savage

antonyms: bland, mild

scourge

(v.) to whip, punish severely; (n.) a cause of affliction or suffering; a source of severe punishment or criticism

synonyms: (v.) flog, beat; (n.) bane, plague, pestilence

antonyms: (n.) godsend, boon, blessing

se-PUL-chral

(adj.) funereal, typical of the tomb; extremely gloomy or dismal

synonyms: lugubrious, mortuary

sop-o-RIF-ic

(adj.) tending to cause sleep, relating to sleepiness or lethargy; (n.) something that induces sleep

synonyms: (n.) narcotic, anesthetic

antonyms: (adj.) stimulating; (n.) stimulant, stimulus

STRAIT-laced

(adj.) extremely strict in regard to moral standards and conduct; prudish, puritanical

synonyms: highly conventional, overly strict, stuffy

antonyms: lax, loose, indulgent, permissive, dissolute

TRAN-sient

(adj.) lasting only a short time, fleeting; (n.) one who stays only a short time

synonyms: (adj.) impermanent, ephemeral, evanescent

antonyms: (adj. permanent, imperishable, immortal

un-WIEL-dy

(adj.) not easily carried, handled, or managed because of size or complexity

synonyms: bulky, clumsy, impractical

antonyms: magnable, easy to handle

VAP-id

(adj.) dull, uninteresting, tiresome; lacking in sharpness, flavor, liveliness, or force

synonyms: lifeless, colorless

antonyms: zesty, spicy, colorful

a-NOM-a-lous

(adj.) abnormal, irregular, departing from the usual

synonyms: exceptional, unusual, aberrant

antonyms: normal, regular, customary, typical, ordinary

a-SPER-sion

(n.) a damaging or derogatory statement; the act of slandering or defaming

synonyms: innuendo, calumny

antonyms: endorsement, praise

bi-ZARRE

(adj.) extremely strange, unusual, atypical

synonyms: grotesque, fantastic, outlandish

antonyms: normal, typical, ordinary, expected

brusque

(adj.) abrupt, blunt, with no formalities

synonyms: tactless, ungracious

antonyms: tactful, diplomatic

ca-JOLE

(v.) to coax, persuade through flattery or artifice; to deceive with soothing thoughts or false promises

synonyms: wheedle, inveigle

antonyms: coerce, force

CAS-ti-gate

(v.) to punish severely; to criticize severely

synonyms: chastise, censure

antonyms: honor, praise, laud

con-TRIVE

(v.) to plan with ingenuity; to bring about through a plan

synonyms: think up, concoct, fabricate

DEM-a-gogue

(n.) a leader who exploits popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power

synonyms: rabble-rouser, firebrand

dis-a-BUSE

(v.) to free from deception or error, set right in ideas or thinking

synonyms: undeceive, enlighten

antonyms: deceive, delude, pull wool over one’s eyes

enn-UI

(n.) weariness and dissatisfaction from lack of occupation or interest, boredom

synonyms: languor, world-weariness, listlessness

antonyms: enthusiasm, liveliness, excitement, intensity

FETT-er

(n.) a chain or shackle placed on the feet (often used in plural); anything that confines or restrains; (v.) to chain or shackle; t render helpless or impotent

synonyms: (n.) bond, restraint; (v.) bind, hamper

antonyms: (v.) free, liberate, emancipate

HEI-nous

(adj.) very wicked, offensive, hateful

synonyms: evil, odious, outrageous

antonyms: excellent, wonderful, splendid

i-MMU-ta-ble

(adj.) not subject to change, constant

synonyms: unchable, unalterable, fixed, invariable

antonyms: changeable, inconstant, variable, fickle

in-SUR-gent

(n.) one who rebels or rises against authority; (adj.) rising in revolt, refusing to accept authority surging or rushing in or on

synonyms: (adj.) revolutionary, rebellious, mutinous

antonyms: (adj.) loyalist, loyal, faithful

meg-a-lo-MA-ni-a

(n.) a delusion marked by a feeling of power, wealth, talent, etc, far in excess of reality

synonyms: delusions of grandeur

antonyms: modesty, self-abasement

SI-ne-cure

(n.) a position requiring little or no work; an easy job

synonyms: “no-show” job, cushy job, “plum”

surr-ep-TITI-ous

(adj.) stealthy, secret, intended to escape observational made or accomplished by fraud

synonyms: furtive, convert, clandestine, concealed

antonyms: open, frank, aboveboard, overt

trans-GRESS

(v.) to go beyond a limit or boundary; to sin, violate a law

synonyms: overstep, trespass

antonyms: obey, toe the line

trans-MUTE

(v.) to change from one nature, substance, or form to another

synonyms: transform, convert

antonyms: preserve, maintain

vi-CAR-i-ous

(adj.) performed, suffered, or otherwise experienced by one person in place of another

synonyms: surrogate, secondhand

antonyms: actual, firsthand