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5 functions of the family

SCRAP

1. reproduction

2. provide care (for members)

3. socialization

4. control behaviour (to maintain order in the family and society)

5. affective nurturance (meeting emotional needs)

nuclear family

mom + dad + biological child(ren) living together

single parent family

unmarried parent (eg. mother, grandpa, uncle, godparent) + child(ren)

cross-generational family

2+ adults from different gens in one family living together (eg. 8yo child + 25 yo sibling + parent)

adoptive/foster

children are not biologically related to the parents

same sex family

the parents are the same sex

common law family

adults in a relationship are never married but live in the same house

blended/step family

couple w/ children from previous relations

grandparents-as-parents family

grandparents are the main caretaker of the children

crime

an action punishable by law

deviance

departing from social norm

all crimes are deviant but not vice verse

consensus crime

almost universal agreement as morally unjust and punishable (ie. murder)

conflict crimes

illegal but no consensus about degree of seriousness, which varies by country

ie. shrooms, sex work, underaged drinking

social deviations

not illegal but can cause harm to self or others

ie. gambling and mental illness

social diversions

violations of social norms

frowned upon in many settings but may been seen as cool

ie. attire choices, tattoos, facial piercings

structural functionalism on crime and deviance

crime and responses to crime work for the function and order of society

+ : punishments help define what is acceptable behaviour

- : punishments erode trust and can cause nonconforming behaviour in others

symbolic interactionalism on deviance

deviance is learned thru interactions and people learn to conform thru socialization

differential association theory: indivs have greater tendency to deviate from norms when they frequently associate with people who favour deviance over conformity

(symbolic interactionalism) labelling theory

deviants are people who have been successfully labelled by others

primary deviance: occasional deviance but it’s not a part of their lifestyle

secondary deviance: indiv’s life is organized around breaking norms

conflict theory on crime

friends exist in lower communities and exacerbate tensions between the upper and lower class

strain theory (functionalist)

deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exist between cultural goals and the approved means of achieving those goals

deviance more likely b/c ppl may be willing to use whatever means they can to achieve their goals

ie: montreal protests when tuition increased (larger gap between achieving uni education)

control/social bond theory

conformity to social norms depends on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society

these social bonds control the behaviour of ppl

conflict theory on deviance

i’m a capitalist society, the justice system protects the power of the upper class

upper class pass laws that benefit themselves

both groups commit acts i do deviance but plow income individuals are more likely to be defined as criminal

crack vs cocaine

crack:

• powered cocaine mixed with baking soda and water

• cheaper and used by lower class

cocaine

• powder form

• expensive

⭐️ you get 5 years min sentence if you have 5g crack or 500g cocaine (targets the poor)

crack is worse than coke idea

LA riots

relocating manufacturing outside the city —> strip $$ from minorities —> contrived deviance —> using and seeking crack —> crack epidemic—> war on drugs —> high incarceration of men POC

Rodney king + riots

King was brutally beaten when arrested but the police were found not guilty despite video evidence

wide spread riots, looting, arson, assault etc

fights with koreans due to previous tensions and discriminations

why weren’t they against white ppl? they felt the korean were more aligned with whites —> those that stay in power make one minority feel a little more superior so they have minority on minority violence

cesare lombrossi

believed people could be born criminal and that criminals had special characteristics (ie. large lower jawC protruding ears etc)

how to reform policing system

1. overprotective union

2. legal consequences

3. fear based training

restorative punishment

crime harms the community and individuals

focuses on repairing the harm and relationships

focused on