history quiz WWI

Mr. Demeter

Which countries were part of the triple entente?

france, britain, russia

Which countries were part of the triple alliance?

germany, austria-hungary, and italy. italy switched sides later in the war, joining the Allies after being promised territorial gains

Which countries were part of the central powers?

During WWI: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.

What was the sussex pledge?

Germany promised to stop unrestricted submarine warfare after the French ship Sussex was attacked. 1916. Temporary measure to keep US out of the war, but Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917.

What was Big Bertha?

massive German artillery cannon used to destroy Belgian forts; symbolized new destructive technology

when was poison gas first used?

In second battle of Ypres(Belgium), in 1915, by Germany. Gas included chlorine and mustard gas

What was significant about the sinking of the Lusitania?

British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat, killing 128 americans and turning US public opinion sharply against Germany. 1915.

What was the Zimmerman Note?

Secret Germany telegram to Mexico, proposing a military alliance if the US entered the war. Intercepted by Britain and published in US newspapers, which outraged Americans.

“Carenza” in the Zimmerman Telegram, meaning.

Code referring to Carranza, the Mexican president at the time.

What was Mexico’s role in WWI?

Germany tried to ally with Mexico via the Zimmerman note, but Mexico declined due to internal issues and distrust.

What was the selective service act of 1917?

Draft system to build US military quickly. Required men aged 21-30 (later 18-45) to register

Who were the Harlem Hellfighters?

African-American 369th Infantry Regiment. Fought under French command, highly decorated for bravery. Faced discrimination in the US but respected by allies

Factors leading to WWI:

Militarism

Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Reasons behind US Isolationism

Monroe Doctrine (focus on Western Hemisphere)

Desire to avoid European entanglements

Diverse immigrant populations hesitant to choose sides.

What events led to the US entering into WWI?

Unrestricted submarine warfare resumed by Germany

Zimmerman telegram

Sinking of American ships

What happened during the Black Tom Island Explosion of 1916?

Germany sabotaged the munitions depot in Jersey City, NJ

What happened during the Kingsland, NJ Explosion of 1917?

German sabotage at a munitions factory, attributed to German agents.

What did the CPI do?

Committee on Public Information, created to build public support for the war through propaganda

What two actions did the CPI primarily do?

Four-Minute Men, gave short patriotic speeches in public places

Produced posters, pamphlets, and films encouraging enlistment and war bonds

Who was George Creel?

Head of the CPI, journalist who turned propaganda into a patriotic duty

What was Eugene V. Debs’s role in WWI?

He was a Socialist leader who opposed the war, giving many anti-draft speeches. Jailed under the Espionage Act for speaking against US involvement

What was Wilson’s neutrality call?

1914-1917, Urged Americans to remain neutral in thought and deed. US tried to act as a peace broker early in the war

Who was the French Commander?

Ferdinand Foch, Supreme Allied Commander in Europe who coordinated final offensives

Who was the US Commander during WWI?

General John J. Pershing

What did General John J. Pershing (US Commander during WWI) insist upon?

that US troops fight as independent American forces, not as reinforcements to European armies

Who led the Russian Communist Revolution in 1917?

Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks

What was the Russian Communist Revolution of 1917 driven by?

War fatigue and massive losses

economic collapse

widespread discontent with the Tsar

What was the result of the Russian Communist Revolution in 1917?

Russia exits WWI (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918).

What were three reasons why US kept neutrality in the first few years of WWI?

Economic ties with both sides

Desire to avoid war casualties

Large immigrant population from Europe with mixed loyalties

What were some of the advancements made for African Americans during WWI?

Enlisted and served bravely (Harlem Hellfighters), gained new job opportunities during the Great Migration to Northern cities

What was some of the discrimination African Americans faced during WWI?

Segregated units, limited combat roles. Racial prejudice continued post-war despite service

Matching: Eugene V. Debs

Anti-war socialist, jailed for speaking against draft

Matching: George Creel

Head of Committee on Public Information

Matching: General John J. Pershing

US military leader in Europe

Matching: Ferdinand Foch

French Allied Commander

Matching: Vladimir Lenin

Led Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (Russian Communist Revolution)

Matching: Woodrow Wilson

US President during WWI, called for neutrality

What countries were part of the Allied Powers?

Initially included France, Russia, and Britan (Triple Entente). Later, joined by Italy (1915), the US (1917), and other nations like Japan.

Why was the Triple Alliance formed?

Designed to isolate France and maintain German dominance