Mountaineering

Geneva, December 21, 1760

•Mountaineering started way back in __ in ____

Horace Benedict de Saussure

•Genevan naturalist ___ offered a reward to anyone who could reach the summit of Mont Blanc.

one

•Many people tried to hike the mountain in order to get reward but failed to do so except for __ person, because of the cold weather and snow.

Jacques Balmat

•In June 1786, a group pf people set off to make to the top of Mont Blanc. But when the sky turned gray and cloudy, they withdrew themselves and back off. However, one of the members of the team, a young crystal hunter named __ was left behind.

____, a local doctor heard of Jacques Balmat's experience and so he decided to team up with him to set off to the summit of Mount Blanc.

Michel Gabriel Paccard

______, a local doctor heard of Jacques Balmat's experience and so he decided to team up with him to set off to the summit of Mount Blanc.

august 8, 1786

•on ___, they made it to the top of Mont Blanc and Alpinism, a kind of mountaineering style which focuses on light and fast climbs using few camps and limited equipment, was born.

alpinism

a kind of mountaineering style which focuses on light and fast climbs using few camps and limited equipment

1809, Marie Paradis

•In __, the very first female to reach the Mont Blanc was __.

Chamonix guides company

___ was established in 1821 and was considered the very first guides' association in the world.

Alpine Club

•During the Golden Era of Alpinism, in 1857, the ___ was born and became the first mountaineering club in the world.

1980

•Earliest records of rock climbing in the Philippines can be traced to the __'s.

University of the Philippines Mountaineers (UPM)

•The ___ is known as the pioneer of rock climbing in the country.

ALTITUDE ILLNESS

A number of illnesses are caused by climbing at high elevation.

ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS (AMS)

The mildest, consisting of headache and nausea among other symptoms.

High Altitude Pulmonary and Cerebral Edema

are life threatening illnesses resulting from having fluid in the lungs (HAPE) and swelling in the brain (HACE).

APPROACH SHOES

Lightweight shoes that combine features of both a hiker and a technical climbing shoe.

AVALANCHES

A large snow or ice mass in motion down a mountain side. A leading cause of mountain fatalities.

BELAY

Techniques used to manage the rope to catch a falling climber.

BIVOUAC

A lightweight, rarely comfortable overnight camp. Often unplanned.

BOULDERING

Climbing without a rope on smaller rocks where falls do not have serious consequences.

CAM

A generic term for mechanical spring-loaded devices of varying size which can be inserted into cracks to secure a climbing rope.

CARABINERS

A high strength snap link used to connect components of the climbing system

CLIMBING ANCHORS

Any means of attachment that can be used to protect a climber against a fall.

CORDELETTES

A piece of cord, which is commonly used to link protection into climbing anchors.

CRAMPONS

Used for ice and alpine climbing, crampons attach to climbing boots and have a number of sharp points.

COULOIR

A steep mountain gorge.

HARNESS

Web nylon belts that the climber wears and to which the rope is attached.

MULTIPITCH CLIMBING

A pitch is the section of a climb between belays

PERLON

A type of nylon used in climbing cordage such as ropes and slings.

RACK

The collection of protection anchors, slings, and carabiners that climbers carry on a route to build the protection system.

RACK STOPPER

A trapezoid metal wedge attached to a loop of flexible wire which is fitted into cracks and depressions in the rock to provide protection for ascending climbers.

RAPPEL

A method used for descending a rope.

ROCK CLIMBING PROTECTION CAMS

Are spring-loaded camming devices for fitting in parallel cracks.

ROCK SHOES

Shoes designed specifically for rock climbing.

ROPE

A climbing rope consists of an outer protective nylon sheath and inner core of woven nylon fibers.

SLINGS

Nylon fibers are woven flat and then tied or sewn into a loop.

BOOTS

A well-fitted pair of leather hiking boots is suitable for both hiking and rock climbing.

CLOTHING

Trousers should be somewhat loose fitting to allow the legs freedom to stretch to the fullest without binding.

MOUNT PULAG

A popular mountain with a 3-day trek that passes through grasslands and mossy forests. The summit offers views of the "Sea of Clouds".

MOUNT APO

The highest peak in the Philippines, this mountain offers a multi-day trek through forests, lakes, and volcanic landscapes.

MOUNT PINATUBO

A volcano with a crater lake that changes color. This mountain is good for beginners and offers views of the Green Place.

MOUNT BALOY

A steep and challenging hike that pushes hikers out of their comfort zone.