Key Concepts on Indian Polity for MHCET 2020 5-Year LLB

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Indian Polity for MHCET exam preparation.

Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950.

Longest Written Constitution

The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, originally containing 395 Articles.

Federal Structure

The Constitution has a federal structure with a unitary bias.

Parliamentary Government

The form of government established under the Indian Constitution, where the executive is responsible to the legislature.

Preamble

Declares India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic, and states the objectives of Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

Fundamental Rights

Known as the 'Magna Carta' of India, these rights protect individual liberties and ensure equality.

Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

Includes provisions that ensure equality before the law and prohibits discrimination.

Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)

Includes rights related to speech, expression, assembly, and the right to privacy.

Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)

Prohibits human trafficking and child labor.

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

Non-justiciable guidelines for the state to promote welfare and social justice.

Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

Non-justiciable duties added by the 42nd Amendment that emphasize the responsibilities of citizens.

Supreme Court

The highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional if they violate the Constitution.

Election Commission (Article 324)

Independent body responsible for administering election processes in India.

Panchayati Raj (73rd Amendment)

Establishes a three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas.

National Emergency (Article 352)

A state of emergency declared due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

44th Amendment

Removed the Right to Property as a Fundamental Right and made it a legal right.

42nd Amendment

Added 'Socialist, Secular, and Integrity' to the Preamble.