living environment regents review

TOPIC ONE: CELLS

what are the female gametes?

egg cells

what are the male gametes?

sperm cells

circulatory system

carries blood, nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body.

circulatory system organs

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

respiratory system

exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen

respiratory system organs

lungs, alveoli, diaphragm

excretory system

removes waste products from the blood and body

excretory system organs

kidneys, bladder, urethra

nervous system

fast control of the functioning of all body systems

nervous system organs

brain, spinal cord, nerve cells

endocrine system

slow control of the functioning of all body systems

endocrine system organs

pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads

define metabolism

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism

define homeostasis

the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal balanced environment,

what happens when homeostasis fails

sickness or death.

digestive system

breaks down food into nutrients and puts them into the blood stream

digestive system organs

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, retum, anus

carbohydrates

basic unit- glucose

found in grains, vegetables and fruit

proteins

basic unit-amino acid

found in meat, egg whites, and beans

lipids

basic unit- fatty acids and glycerin

found in animal fats, nuts, and oils

nucleic acids

basic unit- nucleotides

small amounts in all foods