MOCK BOARD EXAM KQN

Plunging

If the surface exposures of folded beds resemble Vs or horseshoe, then the folds must be?

1:5,000

If you want to show on a map even the smaller details or features of a certain area, which of the following scales will you use?

normal fault

What kind of fault can be found along mid-oceanic ridges that strike perpendicular to the direction of spreading?

Consequent

A stream which drain in a direction towards that of the original regional slope of the land.

-Insequent

-Obsequent

-Consequent

-Resequent

2.5km

On a 1:50,000 topographic map with contour interval of 20 meters, what is the actual distance between two points seperated by 5cm length of the map?

Zambales Ranges

What geomorphic feature separates Central Luzon Basin from the West Luzon Platform Basin?

Isostacy

The concept that Earth's crust is "floating in gravitational balance" upon the material of the mantle.

Isostatic equilibrium

It is an ideal state in Isostacy where the crust and mantle would settle into in absence of disturbing forces.

Pratt's theory of Isostacy

Whose theory of Isostacy where it assumes that the lithospheric blocks are of different densities and lie at similar levels on the asthenosphere?

Airy's theory of Isostacy

Whose theory of Isostacy where it assumes that across the lithosphere, the rock density is approximately the same, but the crustal blocks have different thicknesses. Therefore, mountains that shoot up higher also extend deeper roots into the denser material below.

horizontal

As you move from open to overturned to recumbent, strain has become?

July 16, 1990

When was the 7.8 magnitude earthquake along the Digdig fault segment of the Philippine Fault that devastated cities in Luzon such as Baguio City?

Centripetal drainage

Drainage pattern that is developed when streams flow into a central depression such as a lake.

Dendritic drainage

An irregular stream drainage network that resembles the limbs of a branching tree.

Trellis drainage

Drainage pattern in which system of

streams in which nearly parallel

tributaries occupy valleys cut in

folded strata.

Radial drainage

A drainage pattern where streams flow outward and downward from a central elevated point.

Parallel drainage

This drainage system is a pattern of rivers caused by steep slopes with some relief. Because of the steep slopes, the streams are swift and straight, with very few tributaries, and all flow in the same direction.

Rectangular drainage

Drainage system formed by a faulted and jointed landscape, which directs stream courses in patterns of right-angle turns.

Deranged drainage

Drainage system in drainage basins where there is no coherent pattern to the rivers and lakes. It happens in areas where there has been much geological disruption. Example: Canadian Shield Drainage basin

Valleys

An old topography in a humid environment is characterized by the presence of the following except?

-Valleys

-Monadnocks

-Peneplain

-Meandering streams

Horizontal tensional stress

Which of the following would not decribe a thrust fault:

-dip-slip

-hanging wall moves up

-low-angle fault plane dip

-horizontal tensional stress

Talus

Is a "debris" dislodged by weathering of steep slopes which accumulate at the base in a conical, fan shape.

Mindanao

The active volcano, Mt. Ragang, is located in which of the three islands of the Philippines?

1:2,500

A map with a bar scale of 2cm=50m would have a scale expressed in what ratio?

Kalayaan Group of Islands

Which of the following is not volcanic in origin?

-Scarborough Seamount

-Cagayan de Sulu Ridge

-Babuyan Islands

-Kalayaan Group of Islands

Pugo Formation

Baguio City has what formation as it's basement rock?

Hogback

Which of the following terms does not refer to an elevated level expanse of land?

-Mesa

-Butte

-Plateau

-Hogback

Butte

a raised, flat area of land with steep cliffs, "smaller than a mesa."

Mesa

Larger than a butte, smaller than a plateau. Spanish for table.

Plateau

Is also called a high plain or a tableland. It is an area of a highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain that is raised significantly above the surrounding area, often with one or more sides with steep slopes.

Moraine

These are linear deposits of unsorted sediments formed by the advance retreat of glaciers.

Strike-slip faults

Lateral offset in drainage lines is commonly associated with what kind of faulting?

2x

A cross section with a vertical scale of 1cm = 125m drawn from a 1:25,000 scale topographic map would have a vertical exaggeration of:

-1.5x

-2x

-2.5x

-3x

~50 degrees

A cross section was drawin along a line N15E and cutting across sandstone beds oriented 325/60.

What is the likely apparent dip of beds as viewed along the cross sectional line?

-~60 degrees

-~50 degrees

-~40 degrees

-~30 degrees

~70 degrees

A cross section was drawin along a line N15E and cutting across sandstone beds oriented 325/60.

What would be the apparent dip of the beds if a vertical exaggeration of 2.5x is applied?

-~80 degrees

-~70 degrees

-~60 degrees

-~50 degrees

9

How many sedimentary basins are present within the Philippine Mobile Belt?

81

How many provinces does the Philippines have?

Thrust faults

What kind of faults that are common in folded mountain ranges related to convergent plate boundaries?

Have experienced no appreciable displacement

Comapred to a fault, the rocks along a joint:

-Have experienced no appreciable displacement

-Are intensely deformed

-Are older on the up thrown side

-Are younger on the up thrown side

-Are associated with metamorphism

Stress

A pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a unit area of a body is known as:

Parallel

Shear stress acts _______ to the surface.

150cm

A fifteen (15) km road stretch is represented in a 1:10,000 map by what length in centimeters?

Ductile deformation

This type of behaviour produces permanent strain which exhibits smooth variations across the deformed sample or rock without marked discontinuities.

Brittle deformation

Deformation that is more likely under conditions of low temperature and fast deformation rates.

Philippine Sea Plate

The plate that developed at the western edge of the Pacific Plate is the?

False

True or False: The Mesozoic ophiliotes exposed in the Philippine Archipelago can be correlated with the marginal basins currently surrounding the island.

Tertiary

The southeast asian marginal basins successivly opened within the:

-Tertiary

-Jurassic to Cretaceous

-Paleozoic

-Quarternary

North Palawan

Is considered to have drifted from southern China as evidence by stratigraphic correlation, paleontologic correlation, and paleomagnetism.

South China Sea

The southward drift of the North Palawan Block resulted from the opening of the?

750m

If the distance of two given cities in a 1:15,000 map is 5cm, what is the actual distance?

True

True or False: South China Sea basin is composed of three sub-basins.

True

True or False: The Scarborough Seamount serves as the old spreading center of South China Sea.

False

True or False: Sulu Sea has three sub-basins.

Back-arc basin

Sulu sea opened as what type of basin?

Eocene

The Celebes Sea formed during the:

-Early Miocene

-Miocene

-Eocene

-Oligocene

-Late Oligocene

Central Basin Fault

The spreading center of the West Philippine Basin is the?

Berm

A nearly horizontal accumulation of sediment parallel to shore; marks the normal limit of sand deposition by wave action.

Berm

The part of the beach above the high tide line that is flat or slopes slightly landward is the?

Stacks

Which of the following would not reflect longshore drift:

-Baymouth bars

-spit

-Stacks

-Jetties and groins

-tombolos

Palau-Kyushu Ridge

The Parece Vela-Shikoku Basin is separated from the West Philippine Basin by the?

Cagayan Valley Basin

The back-arc basin of the northern Sierra Madre Range is?

Horizontal limbs

Which of the following would not describe an anticline:

-Plastic strain respose

-Beds dip away from the axial plane

-Horizontal limbs

-Open downwards

-Oldest beds at the center

Joint set

Joints oriented in one direction approximately parallel to one another.

Nonconformity

A type of unconformity in which layered sedimentary rocks lie on an erosion surface cut into igneous or metamorphic rocks.

Angular conformity

an unconmfomity where the older layers are at a different angle than the younger rocks.

Disconformity

a type of unconformity in which the sedimentary layers above and below the unconformity are parallel.

Paraconformity

An unconformity for which there is no evidence but some geologists think should exist.

Nonconformity

If cretaceous sedimentary rocks are observed resting on Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks, the contact would be interpreted as what type of unconformity?

True

True or False: The Philippines is generally interpreted as a collage of insular arcs, ophiolitic suites and continental rocks of Eurasian affinity.

Philippine Trench

Is the morphological expression of the westward subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate under the eastern Philippine arc.

Gagua Ridge

The following lies within the West Philippine Basin except:

-Benhan Plateau

-Urdaneta Plateau

-Central Basin Fault

-Gagua Ridge

Philippine Mobile Belt

A product of the NW-SE oblique convergence between the Eurasion Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. It extend from Taiwan in the north to the Molucca Sea Collision Zone in the south. It is flanked by subduction zones.

arc-arc collision

The Molucca Sea is a classis example of what type of collision?

Negros Trench

The trench that connects southwestwards with the Sulu trench. It is here the oceanic crust of the Sulu Sea is being consumed. It's Benioff is not well defined. Subduction is marked by the presence of an arc which has been active since its initiation at ~10 Ma.

Eocene

Arc development in the northern Sierra Madre-Caraballo region essentially started during what epoch?

Caraballo Formation

The volcanic equivalent of the Coastal Batholith noted by previous workers in the northern Sierra Madre region is the?

Cordon Syenite

It is exposed in northern Luzon where its formation may be related to intra-arc rifting that led to the formation of the Cagayan Valley Basin.

Cebu

The oldest known magmatic rocks (of Lower Cretaceous age) in the Philippines are found in?

Angat Ophiolite

The formation that comprises the basement rock of the Southern Sierra Madre.

False

True or False: The earliest pulse of plutonic activity in the Central Cordillera in northern Luzon occured in the Late Eocene to Oligocene.

Arc Polarity Reversal

This model envisions Luzon as resulting from the westward subduction along the proto-East Luzon Trough possibly until the Late Oligocene and subsequent flipping of subduction along the Manila Trench.

Pacific Cordillera

Portion of Mindanao that can be considered as having Philippine-Halmahera arc (Philippine Sea Plate) affinity.

Philippine Fault

It is a sinistral fault that transects the archipelago from Luzon to Eastern Mindanao for more than 1,200km. It accommodates a lateral component of the oblique convergence between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Its formation is synchronous to that of the Philippine Trench.

Cagayan Valley Basin

The back-arc basin of the Central Cordillera in Northern Luzon.

Parece Vela Basin

The following are examples of marginal basins except:

-South China Sea

-Sulu Sea

-Parece Vela Basin

-Celebes Sea

Palawan trough

Which of the following is generally considered as aseismic?

-Palawan trough

-East Luzon trough

-Philippine Trench

-Negros trench

Palawan

Microcontinent of the Philippines that is of Eurasion affinity on the northern region while its southern region is composed mainly of ophiolite.

Ulugan fault

The boundary separating the southern and northern terrane of Palawan.

Sierra Bullones Limestone

The chocolate hills of Bohol belongs to what formational unit?

True

True or False: Listric normal faults are produced when the fault encounters a weak (incompetent) layer.

Negative flower structure

In strike-slip faults, which features are likely not to be found in restraining bends?

-Pop-up structure

-Positive flower structure

-Thrust faults

-Negative flower structure

Positive flower structure

Upward-splaying flower structures that have an overall antiformal structure caused by net shortening. In areas where strike-slip faults occur in converging crust, or transpression, rocks are faulted upward.

Negative flower structure

Flower structures with an overall synformal structure in regions of net divergence. In areas of strike-slip faulting in diverging crust, or transtension, rocks drop down to form a negative flower structure.

Flower structure

Folded structures associated with strike-slip faults. This term reflects the resemblance of the structure to the petals of a flower in cross section.

Pop-up structure

type of structure that is defined as a structurally uplifted block bounded by reverse or thrust faults with opposing senses of motion.

Riedel shears

Subsidiary strike slip shear fractures set of conjugate shear fractures that develop in strike-slip fault systems are known as?

slumping

A type of mass movement involving material moving downhill under its own weight.

Sag ponds

pond caused by the collection of water from springs and/or runoff into sunken ground, resulting from the crushing of rock in an area of fault movement.

Shutter ridges

a series of ridgelines offset from one another by a cross-cutting fault.

Triangular facets

the eroded end of an arete that takes on a characteristic triangle shape.