Poultry Science and Production

These flashcards cover key concepts in Poultry Science and Production, including genetics, breeding, management practices, and industry components.

What are chromosomes?

Structures that carry genetic material and occur in pairs.

Define a gene.

A unit of inheritance located on a chromosome at a specific section known as a loci.

How many pairs of chromosomes do chickens have?

Chickens have 39 pairs of chromosomes.

What is the difference between male and female mammals in terms of gametic arrangement?

Females are homogametic (XX), while males are heterogametic (XY).

Define phenotype.

The observable traits of an organism, such as comb type or plumage color.

What is a genotype?

The genetic makeup of an organism, such as BB, Bb, or bb.

What does heritability (h2) estimate?

It estimates a trait based on phenotypic expression and predicts the outcome of selection.

What is inbreeding in poultry?

The mating of closely related individuals over a time period in a closed flock to produce homozygous individuals.

What is hybrid vigor?

The phenomenon where offspring are superior to their parents due to crossbreeding.

What are primary breeders responsible for in the poultry industry?

Selecting and genetically enhancing future parent birds.

What goals are associated with a pullet management feeding program?

To meet nutritional requirements for growth and reproductive function, while managing weight gain.

Why is lighting important for poultry?

It stimulates sexual maturity and supports optimum egg production and quality.

What happens in rearing with respect to light duration and intensity?

Lights should simulate short days initially and gradually increase to long days to mimic natural conditions.

Describe the context for ventilation in poultry housing.

Airflow needs to be uniform, based on size and number of birds in the house, to maintain air quality.

What is the optimum temperature and humidity for egg storage after collection?

Eggs should be stored at 55-65°F and 72-75% relative humidity.

What are 'floor eggs' and how can they be prevented?

Floor eggs are eggs laid outside of nests; prevention strategies include managing the number of nests per hen.

What factors are considered in feed formulation for poultry?

Diet varies based on age and growth patterns to ensure optimal production.

What is a 'terminal cross' in breeding?

It refers to breeding strategies that prioritize uniformity and performance in broilers.