Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary terms and definitions related to dietary fats, cholesterol, and their implications for health as discussed in Chapter 05 of Williams' Nutrition for Health, Fitness, and Sport.

Dietary Fat

The nutrient of greatest concern to the American Heart Association associated with coronary heart disease.

Triglycerides

An ester of glycerol and three fatty acids formed through the process of esterification.

Essential Fatty Acids

Fatty acids required by the body that must be obtained through diet, specifically Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids.

Cholesterol

A waxy substance found in the blood, which is necessary for building cells but can increase the risk of heart disease when levels are too high.

Atherosclerosis

A condition characterized by the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls, often due to plaque buildup.

LDL Cholesterol

Low-density lipoprotein, often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol that can lead to atherosclerosis.

HDL Cholesterol

High-density lipoprotein, known as 'good' cholesterol that helps carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver.

Fatty Acids

Carboxylic acids with long aliphatic chains, which can be saturated or unsaturated and play key roles in metabolism.

Fat Functions

Fats serve as energy sources, carriers of essential fatty acids, and are needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Polyunsaturated fats that are beneficial for heart health, found in fish, and known for potentially reducing the risk of coronary heart disease.

Trans Fats

A type of unsaturated fat that can increase LDL cholesterol levels and decrease HDL cholesterol levels.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts in the diet, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Phospholipids

Type of lipid that forms cellular membranes, composed of fatty acids, a glycerol unit, and a phosphate group.

Adipose Tissue

Body fat that serves as an energy reservoir and insulation, affecting overall energy balance.

Dietary Recommendations

Guidelines aimed at managing serum lipid levels, including reducing saturated fats and increasing monounsaturated fats.