ARCC HOA Philippine Architecture Reviewer

Optional reviewer - from HOA4 modules

Callao Man

earliest human species to date found in Callao Cave, Peñnblanca, Cagayan

Tabon Man

second earliest human species to date, found in Tabon, Palawan

Angono Petroglyphs

example of prehistoric stone carvings in Angono, Rizal

Rock shelters

Type of cave dwelling as early form of shelter; the Tau't Bato of Palawan is an example

Lean-to

a windscreen

Hawong

double-sloped shelter made up of organic materials

Arboreal or Tree shelters

huts built on top of trees; used to secure the family from forest animals especially at night; also used in times of war with neighboring ethnic groups

Idjang

precolonial Batanes stone fort

Barangay

precolonial native settlement made up of 40 to 45 families

Balanghai

the boats used by the precolonial natives of the Philippines

Antonio de Pigafetta

Ferdinand Magellan's chronicler, who wrote that the early native houses
were made up of organic materials, raised on posts with steep sloping roofs

jinjin

thatched Ivatan house

rakuh

masonry Ivatan house

racuaydi

Ivatan settlement or community

Isneg house

Cordilleran house whose roof looks like inverted hull of a boat

Finaryon (binayon)

Kalinga octagonal house

Bale

Ifugao house with posts called tukud; rat guard found in the upper portion of the tucked
and called halipan

Bahay kubo

lowland house on stilts, made up of thatch and bamboo (nipa, sawali, anyhow, etc)

Hagdan

Bahay kubo term for stairs

Sala

Bahay kubo term for living room

Komedor

Bahay kubo term for dining room

Kusina

Bahay kubo term for kitchen

Banggerahan

Bahay kubo term for a window overhang made up of wooden/bamboo strips for drying/washing

Paminggalan

Bahay kubo term for a cupboard for storing food

Silong

Bahay kubo term for crawl space under the house where grains, firewood, or pigs are kept

Haligi

Bahay kubo term for its posts

Torogan

Maranao royal house of the datu and his family in characterized by thick posts

Panolong

extended floor girders with decorative okie in Maranao torogan

okir (okkir, ukkil)

Maranao decorative carved motif following the tendrils of the local fern
(pako robing)

Lamin

room in the torogan for the Maranao princess

katig

term for Badjao houseboat outrigger

Laws of the Indies

set of laws by King Philip II that served as the template for planning towns in the
new colonies of Spain

Maynilad

old palisaded settlement of Raja Soliman and Raja Matanda; it became the capital of the new
colony of Filipinas (Philippines) under Spain; named after the nilad (mangrove variety) plant

Manila

the new name given to Maynilad after it was made capital of the new colony; also known as
Intramuros after stone walls enclosed this fortified city

Pueblo

Spanish colonial town; made up of barrios and sitios

Ciudad

Spanish colonial city

Convento

convent; also kumbento; house where the priest stayed

Lazi Convent in Siquijor

largest church convent in the Philippines

Iglesia

Spanish church

Earthquake baroque

usually pertains to churches built in the Baroque style but built with massive
buttresses to withstand earthquakes

Church fortress

churches usually designed to also serve as fortresses in times of Moro raids

Campanario

bell tower; belfry

Espadaña style

belfry is on top of the church pediment. e.g. Morong Church, Albuquerque Church

Cementerio

cemetery; also known as campo santo (holy/sacred field); cemeteries were located
previously in church yards, and interment allowed inside the churches'

Cementerio General de Dilao (Paco Cemetery)

first circular cemetery in the Philippines, 1820; first
general cemetery of the city of Manila

Fr. Antonio Sedeño

Jesuit priest who introduced stone building

Leonardo Yturriano (Iturriano, also Turiano)

Spanish military engineer who supervised the construction
of the stone walls of Intramuros

Cal

lime

Canto/canteria

masonry

Cal y canto

lime and masonry

Argamasa

mortar; usual mixture was lime-based often times mixed with wood sap, hair, molasses and
egg whites for a thicker mixture

Mamposteria

masonry work; rubble work

Silleria

masonry work using cut or dressed stones

Cantero

mason

Albañil

mason; brick layer

Carpintero

also known as anluwage

Conchero

maker of capiz (placuna placenta) shell window panes; or maker of shell windows

Latero

tinsmith

Pedrero

stonecutter

Piedra

stone

Piedra de Guadalupe, Piedra de Meycauayan

stones from Guadalupe and Meycauayan. i.e. volcanic tuff
or what is locally known as adobe

Piedra de Visayas

coralline limestone block

Tabla

wooden boards

Madera

wood

Ladrillo

brick

Teja

tile

Teja plana

flat tile

Teja curva

curved tile

Pared

wall

Dingding

interior partitions

Tabique pámpango

wall of form of wattle and daub construction; wall made up of wooden strips or
bamboo strips woven together and with both sides applied with lime plaster

Casa

house

Bahay na bato

house built of masonry (stone, brick, or combined wood and stone/brick)

Zaguan

ground floor

Escalera

stairs

Meseta

stair landing

Caida

antehall at the second floor immediately after ascending the stairs

Sala

living room; parlor

Cuarto

bedroom

Comedor

dining room

Cocina or kusina

kitchen

Azotea

outdoor service balcony located outside the kitchen with stone stairway leading down

Aljibe

water cistern

Bano

bathroom

Dispensa, escusado, casillas, letrina

toilet

Cuadra

stable

Lenera

storage for firewood

Ventana

window

Ventanilla

little window below the sill; usually secured by balusters or grillwork

Balustre

baluster

Espejo

glass or mirror

Concha

shell; architecturally refers to capiz shell window

Persiana

louvred window

Postigo

postern gate

Arquitectura mestiza

hybrid architecture created by the melding of western style and technology with
the native architectural vocabulary and style

Fuerza, Fortaleza

fort or fortress

Presidio

military fort or barracks

Carcel

jail

Carcel y Presidio de Bilibid

Manila's principal jail located in Barrio Bilibid in Quiapo; designed
following the panopticon model of Jeremy Bentham, a British barrister; the model has a central
surveillance core with the dormitories radiating out like the spokes of a wheel

Fort Santiago in Intramuros

previously known as the Fuerza y Presidio de Santiago