Scientific Foundation of Psychology (Origins of Psychology)

empiricism

empiricism

all knowledge comes from experience, humans start out as a blank slate

structuralism

looking inward can show us the structure of the mind

functionalism

thoughts, emotions, etc. all serve an evolutionary purpose

experimental psycology

uses experiments to study the mind

behaviorism

only studies behavior, not thoughts

humanistic psycology

focuses on emotions and human growth and potential

cognitive neuroscience

study of how brain activity is linked with perception, thinking, memory, and language

psycology

the study of behavior and mental processes

nature-nurture issue

biggest question in psycology, are we born with our personalities, or do we grow into them based on outside influence

natural selection

traits that contribute to survival and reproduction chances are more likely to be passed on

levels of analysis

biological, social-cultural, psychological. offer complementary viewpoints about origins of behavior or thoughts

biopsychosocial approach

considers biological, social-cultural, and psychological viewpoints

behavioral psychology

studies observable behavior

biological psychology

studies how biology relates to psychological responses

cognitive psychology

studies thinking, knowing, communicating, and remembering

evolutionary psychology

studies how natural selection relates to current behavior and mindset

psychodynamic psychology

studies how the unconscious affects behavior and thinking

social-cultural psychology

studies how social situations and cultural situations affect behavior and thinking

psychometrics

measurement of human abilities, traits, and attitudes

basic reasearch

scientific research that tries to increase our knowledge of psychology

developmental psychologists

study development of people as they age

educational psychologists

study and develop learning and teaching methods

personality psychologists

study differences between and intricacies of our personalities

social psychologists

study how we think of each other, how we influence each other, and how we relate to each other

applied research

tries to solve practical problems

industrial-organizational psychologists

use psychology in the workplace with employees

human factors psychologists

focus on interactions of people, machines, and environments

counseling psychologists

attempt to help people through hard times

clinical psychologists

asess and treat mental disorders, without use of drugs

psychiatrists

asess and treat mental disorders, licsenced to use drugs

positive psychology

study of how to make people better

community psychologists

study of how to make comunities better

testing effect

testing helps you learn

SQR3

study method that uses testing to help people learn