introduction to disease and sanitation

Disease

Any deviation from normal health.

Types of disease

Infectious, non-infectious, and metabolic.

Metabolic diseases

Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol related to metabolism.

Ghrelin

A hormone related to hunger that is released when blood sugar is low.

Glucagon

Hormone that increases blood glucose levels, especially when sleeping.

Microbes

Microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and microplasma.

Infectious diseases

Diseases that often spread through feces and other bodily fluids, can spread rapidly.

Asymptomatic carriers

Individuals who carry and can spread infectious diseases without showing symptoms.

Peptidoglycan layer

A protective layer that develops in microbes to withstand unfavorable conditions.

Clostridium

A genus of bacteria known for spore-forming ability, some species cause diseases.

Non-infectious diseases

Diseases that are not contagious and cannot be spread between animals.

Pandemic

An outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographical area.

Epidemic

An outbreak of disease that affects many individuals in a specific area.

Epizootic

An outbreak of disease in a specific state among animals.

Sporadic disease

A disease that occurs infrequently, affecting single animals.

Enzootic disease

A disease that is regularly found in a specific geographical area.

Panzootic disease

A disease outbreak that occurs worldwide among animal populations.

Brucellosis

A sexually transmitted disease in cattle that can cause calf death or blindness.

Black leg disease

A fatal cattle disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei, treated by burning the affected animal.

Milk fever

Paralysis caused by low magnesium or calcium in high-producing dairy cows after birthing.

Dystocia

Birthing complications that can lead to diseases in cattle during the birthing season.

Zoonotic diseases

Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.