HCT 10- Chapter 19.1-19.2

Sexually transmitted infections- STI

Sexually transmitted infections- STI

infection spread from one person to another

caused by pathogens

STI transmission

in/on reproductive organs (ex:penis/vagina) also by mouth, rectum, blood, semen, vaginal secretions, etc

Asymptomatic

showing few or no signs of infection or disease

Chlamydia

bacterial (can be treated with antibiotics)

mild to no sx, possible sx:

-white/yellow discharge

-painful urination

- lower back pain

leads to PID

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

infection of the fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity, can lead to infertility

Testing for Chlamydia/Gonorrhea

women: swab of the vagina, cervix, throat, or anus

men: urine sample, swab test

Gonorrhea

bacterial (can be treated with antibiotics)

affects rectum, throat, and reproductive tract

Gonorrhea Sx

men: white/yellow discharge from Penis, painful urination (dysuria), can cause sterility

women: no early signs, cloudy discharge, bleeding between periods, can cause infertility

Syphilis

Bacterial

Fatal if untreated

4 stages, only 1st 2 stages are treatable

Primary: stage 1 of syphilis

a chancre (sore) develops at site of infection on the penis, vagina, mouth, or rectum

not painful or itchy, can go unnoticed

heals but does not mean the infection is gone

Secondary: stage 2 of syphilis

red-copper rash on hands and feet, can go unnoticed

develops days, weeks, months after infection

ppl may have swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever

Latent:stage 3 of syphilis

Hidden stage

Asymptomatic

can last for years

Late: stage 4 of syphilis

has gone untreated for 10+ years

asymptomatic- no obvious symptoms

damages brain- leads to dementia

causes fatal heart damage to the heart, liver, and blood vessels

can be transmitted to children through pregnant mother

Diagnosing and Treatment of Syphilis

sore would need to be swabbed and tested + blood test

antibiotics can NOT reverse or repair organ damage

Trichomoniasis

common bacterial STI

caused by Protozoan

most curable STI

treatable with antibiotics

Symptoms of Trichomoniasis

men: may be A-sx, itching, burning

women: smelly vaginal discharge, itching, and painful urination

sx can go away without treatment, but they can still transmit the STI to others

diagnosing and treatment for Trichomoniasis

diagnosed through testing

Women: examine the vagina and cervix for sores

Men: swabbing the urethra or urine testing

Herpes

a virus

mild to no symptoms

blisters develop at site of infection, bursts and heals after a few weeks

can lead to infertility and a pregnant person can pass it on to their baby

medications can control frequence and severity

Herpes- HSV-1

causes cold sores on the mouth and lips

can cause genital infection if it has contact with reproductive organs

Herpes- HSV-2

genital herpes (transmitted during sex through contact with genitals)

treatment of herpes

prescription meds to treat sx

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

most common STI in the US

a virus

40 types of ______ cause genital infection and can cause cervical and oropharyngeal cancer

most people don’t know they have it

Symptoms of HPV

itching or warts on the skin and membrane around the genitals, mouth, and rectum

Diagnosing and Treatment for HPV

Men: no definitive testing

Women: pap smear (scrapping of the cervix to observe abnormal cells)

HPV vaccine 11-26 years old

condom

sexual device that acts as a barrier against pathogens during sexual activity also as a barrier of conception

internal condom

sexual device that fits inside the vagina; less effective that an external condom at preventing STI’s; reduces the chance of pregnancy

external condom

sexual device that fits over an erect penis; helps prevent any STI’s and can reduce the chance of pregnancy

dental dam

latex sheets used between the mouth and vagina or anus during oral sex

reinfection

recurrence of communicable disease