Science [Energy and Electricity]

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because it is moving

Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is the energy due to the motion of particles

Chemical Energy

Chemical energy is the energy stored in chemical bonds

Elastic Energy

Elastic energy is the energy stored when an object is stretched or compressed

Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored due to height

Increase in Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy increases when speed or mass increases

Increase in Thermal Energy

Thermal energy increases when temperature increases

Decrease in Chemical Energy

Chemical energy decreases during chemical reactions

Decrease in Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational potential energy decreases when height decreases

Increase in Elastic Energy

Elastic energy increases when an object is stretched or compressed more

Law of Conservation of Energy

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed

Efficiency

Efficiency is the ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, expressed as a percentage

Efficiency Formula

Efficiency = (Useful energy output ÷ Total energy input) × 100%

Series Circuit Current

In a series circuit, current is the same at all points

Parallel Circuit Current

In a parallel circuit, total current splits between branches

Series Circuit Voltage

In a series circuit, total voltage is split across components

Parallel Circuit Voltage

In a parallel circuit, each branch gets the full voltage

Conductor

A conductor is a material that allows electric current to flow easily (e.g., copper)

Insulator

An insulator is a material that does not allow electric current to flow easily (e.g., plastic, rubber)

Cell

Battery

Parallel circuit

Bulb / lamp

Ammeter

Voltmeter

Resistor

Open switch

Closed switch