Water Quiz

Ionic bonds

Nonmetal and metal

Atoms give up 1+ of their electrons to another

Opposite-charged ions attract each other and form a bond

Na- + Cl+ = NaCl

Covalent bonds

Two metals

Holds together 2 atoms that share one or more pair of electrons

Can be equally or unequally shared between atoms

Non-Polar covalent

Shares electrons equally - H2, Methane CH4

Same charge on both nuclei

Electrons spend an equal amount of time near each nucleus

Polar covalent

Shares electrons unequally(due to density distribution) - H20

Different charges on nuclei

Atoms with greater positive nuclear charge pull more electrons in covalent bonds

Electrons spend more time in larger nuclear charges

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InTRAmolecular forces

Ionic and Covalent bonds

Force that binds atoms WITHIN a molecule together

True bond

Require chemical reaction to break

InTERmolecular forces

Van der Waals and Hydorgen bonds

Forces BETWEEN molecules

Not true bond

Can be broken with chemical reaction like heat

Van der Waals forces

A temporary intermolecular force between adjacent nonpolar molecules

They’re considered weak

Hydrogen bonds

A intermolecular force between polar molecules

Between highly electronegative atom(F, N, O) and a hydrogen

Partial opposite charges in different polar molecules attract each other

In Individual H bonds are weak, together strong

Water cells

Water was the first cell, its the medium of life, and needed to react with others

Water Origin

Water covers 70% of earth

4\.5 billion years ago

Asteroids hit Earth bringing minerals that released water and became a part of the crust

D2O vs H2O

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen and it has an extra neutron 

All bodies of water contain two forms but ratio of H-D in water is similar to ratio in many asteroids

Cohesion

Molecules of the same type that attract each other

Water is highly cohesive due to its polarity, allowing water to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules

Adhesion

An attraction between two different molecules due to hydrogen bonding 

Water is highly adhesive due to its polarity, allowing water to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules

Water and glucose or water and cellulose

Solvent properties

Water is the universal solvent

Molecules that dissolve in water are **hydrophilic** (water - loving)

Molecules that do not dissolve easily in water are **hydrophobic** (water - fearing)

Any solution containing water as the solvent is called an **aqueous solution**

Glucose, ions, amino acid, white/red blood cells in plasma

Buoyancy

Ability to float

Buoyancy applies force towards the object while gravity applies force on the object

If the buoyant force of the fluid is greater than the object’s weight, the object will float

If the density of an object is lower than the density of the fluid, the buoyant force is greater than the force of gravity and the object will float and vice versa

Viscocity

A fluids resistance to flow

The amount of friction the molecules of a liquid experience as they flow over each other.

A thick fluid is more viscous than a thin liquid that is less viscous

Water vs Blood viscosity

Water is more viscous than a few substances like air or acetone because it can form hydrogen bonds with itself 

Blood is more viscous than water because cells and dissolved solutes increase viscosity

Spesific heat capacity

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 degree C

Thermal conductivity

Ability to move across a temperature gradient

How easily energy travels through a material

Less: Heat moves slowly, Insulating and preventing heat loss

Air, wool

More: Heat moves fast, absorbing and transfering

Water, copper

Goldilocks zone

Region far enough away from the Sun, allowing for water to exist in its liquid form

Good gravitational pull must also exist to prevent water from escaping Protective atmosphere and magnetic field from radiation emitted from the sun