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Hagia Sophia

A major church built in the Byzantine Empire, known as the largest church in the world for a thousand years, located in present-day Istanbul, Turkey.

Byzantine Empire

The eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, known for its unique art and architecture, particularly during the reign of Emperor Justinian.

Justinian

The Byzantine Emperor who commissioned the Hagia Sophia and aimed to showcase imperial power and regain parts of the fallen Western Roman Empire.

Nika Riots

Uprisings against Emperor Justinian that led to the destruction of an earlier church, prompting the construction of Hagia Sophia.

Central Plan

An architectural design that focuses on a central space, seen in Hagia Sophia, combined with features from the basilica style.

Dome

A rounded arch that spans a space, which in Hagia Sophia creates an impression of weightlessness, supported by innovative architectural elements.

Pendentives

Curved triangular vaults that support the dome in Hagia Sophia, allowing for the structure's height and reducing the weight on supporting walls.

Mosaics

Artistic decorations using small pieces of colored glass or stone, used extensively in the interior of Hagia Sophia for religious and imperial themes.

Imperial Authority

The power and rule of the Byzantine Emperor, expressed through the grandeur and decor of Hagia Sophia.

Light

Symbolized divine presence in Hagia Sophia, enhanced by the many windows that illuminate the interior.