Chapter 2 Principles Of radiologic imaging 6th edition

"1. The study of nonliving matter:

a) Biology

b) Physics

c) Physical science

d) Chemistry

Physical science

"2. The study of living matter:

a) Physics

b) Physical science

c) Biological science

d) Biochemistry

Biological science

3. Branch of science that studies matter energy and their interrelationships

a) Atoms only

b) Matter and energy

c) Human anatomy

d) Chemical reactions"

Matter and energy

"4. Anything that has mass and occupies space:

a) Energy

b) Matter

c) Force

d) Weight"

Matter

"5. Principal characteristic of matter:

a) Shape

b) Energy

c) Mass

d) Space"

Mass

"6. The force an object exerts under gravity:

a) Mass

b) Weight

c) Energy

d) Density"

Weight

"7. SI unit of mass

a) Gram

b) Newton

c) Kilogram

d) Pound"

Kilogram

"8. material with definite and constant composition:

a) Mixture

b) Compound

c) Substance

d) Element"

Substance

"9. Two or more substances combined without chemical bonding:

a) Mixture

b) Element

c) Molecule

d) Compound"

Mixture

"10. Smallest particle of an element:

a) Atom

b) Molecule

c) Neutron

d) Proton"

Atom

"11. Two or more atoms chemically united:

a) Compound

b) Molecule

c) Proton

d) Mixture"

Molecule

"12. Two or more elements chemically united:

a) Simple substance

b) Compound

c) Mixture

d) Molecule"

Compound

"13. Energy is defined as:

a) Mass × velocity

b) Ability to do work

c) Force applied to matter

d) Movement of electrons"

Ability to do work

"14. Equation for work:

a) Mass × velocity

b) Force × distance

c) Energy × time

d) Mass ÷ acceleration"

Force × distance

"15. Energy of motion:

a) Potential energy

b) Kinetic energy

c) Thermal energy

d) Electrical energy"

Kinetic energy

"16. Energy due to position:

a) Heat

b) Kinetic energy

c) Potential energy

d) Electrical energy"

Potential energy

"17. Energy from motion of atoms/molecules:

a) Chemical

b) Heat (Thermal)

c) Nuclear

d) Mechanical"

Heat (Thermal)

"18. Faster vibration of atoms results in greater:

a) Kinetic energy

b) Thermal energy

c) Nuclear energy

d) Chemical energy"

Thermal energy

"19. Energy from movement of electrons:

a) Protons

b) Neutrons

c) Electrons

d) Molecules"

Electrons

"20. Energy stored in nucleus of atom:

a) Heat energy

b) Nuclear energy

c) Chemical energy

d) Electromagnetic energy"

Nuclear energy

"21. Electromagnetic energy travels as:

a) Vibrating molecules

b) Electric and magnetic fields

c) Collisions of atoms

d) Nuclear forces"

Electric and magnetic fields

"22. Which is NOT electromagnetic energy:

a) Radio waves

b) Microwaves

c) Sound waves

d) X-rays"

Sound waves

"23. Radiation is:

a) Energy emitted and transferred through matter

b) Energy stored in nuclei

c) Vibrational motion

d) Mixture of elements"

Energy emitted and transferred through matter

"24. Scientist who proposed matter-energy equivalence:

a) Bohr

b) Dalton

c) Einstein

d) Rutherford"

Einstein

"25. Three basic subatomic particles:

a) Protons neutrons electrons

b) Atoms molecules compounds

c) Electrons molecules isotopes

d) Energy matter atoms"

Protons, neutrons, electrons

"26. Scientist who developed first periodic table:

a) Dalton

b) Bohr

c) Rutherford

d) Mendeleev"

Mendeleev

"27. Scientist who developed nuclear atom model (1911):

a) Bohr

b) Rutherford

c) Dalton

d) Einstein"

Rutherford

"28. Scientist who expanded atom structure with electron orbits:

a) Rutherford

b) Bohr

c) Einstein

d) Mendeleev"

Bohr

"29. Charge of a proton:

a) Negative

b) Neutral

c) Positive

d) None"

Positive

"30. Charge of an electron:

a) Positive

b) Neutral

c) Negative

d) Zero"

Negative

"31. Charge of a neutron:

a) Positive

b) Neutral

c) Negative

d) Variable"

Neutral

"32. Mass number (A) equals:

a) Protons only

b) Protons + Neutrons

c) Electrons only

d) Protons + Electrons"

Protons + Neutrons

"33. Energy needed to remove electron from atom:

a) Potential energy

b) Electron binding energy

c) Ionization

d) Work energy"

Electron binding energy

"34. Unit for binding energy and X-ray energy:

a) Volt

b) Joule

c) Electron volt (eV)

d) Watt"

Electron volt (eV)

"35. 1 keV equals:

a) 1 electron volt

b) 100 electron volts

c) 1000 electron volts

d) 10,000 electron volts

1,000 electron volts

"36. Elements important in radiology:

a) H O C I Ba W Mo Pb

b) Na K C Ca

c) S P Fe Mg

d) He Ne Ar Kr"

H, O, C, I, Ba, W, Mo, Pb

"37. Periodic table arranged by:

a) Atomic weight

b) Atomic number (Z)

c) Valence electrons

d) Neutron count"

Atomic number (Z)

"38. Maximum electrons per shell formula:

a) 2n²

b) n²

c) 8n

d) n³"

2n²

"39. Octet rule states outer shell can hold:

a) 2 electrons

b) 4 electrons

c) 6 electrons

d) 8 electrons"

8 electrons

"40. Elements with full outer shells are:

a) Reactive

b) Inert and chemically stable

c) Isotopes

d) Ionized"

Inert and chemically stable

"41. Key property distinguishing one element from another:

a) Mass

b) Neutron number

c) Atomic number (protons)

d) Valence"

Atomic number (protons)

"42. Atom with same protons but different neutrons:

a) Ion

b) Isotope

c) Molecule

d) Compound"

Isotope

"43. Process when atom gains/loses electrons:

a) Ionization

b) Isotope formation

c) Fusion

d) Radiation"

Ionization

"44. Positive ion forms when atom:

a) Gains electron

b) Loses electron

c) Splits nucleus

d) Fuses protons"

Loses electron

"45. Negative ion forms when atom:

a) Gains electron

b) Loses electron

c) Splits nucleus

d) Emits photon"

Gains electron

"46. SI unit of energy:

a) Electron volt

b) Joule (J)

c) Watt

d) Newton"

Joule (J)

"47. Unit of mass for atomic particles:

a) Kilogram

b) Gram

c) Atomic mass unit (amu)

d) Mole"

Atomic mass unit (amu)

"48. Scientist who published first atomic theory:

a) Dalton

b) Bohr

c) Rutherford

d) Einstein"

Dalton

"49. Greek concept of 4 basic components of matter:

a) Earth Wind Water Fire

b) Air Water Earth Fire

c) Heat Cold Light Dark

d) Metal Wood Fire Water"

Air, Water, Earth, Fire

"50. Outermost electron shell is called:

a) Nucleus

b) Proton shell

c) Valence shell

d) Octet shell"

Valence shell

A photon possesses several measurable properties. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) Frequency
B) Mass
C) Wavelength
D) Amplitude

Mass

Elements arranged horizontally across the periodic table are called:

C) Periods

Elements that share the same number of electrons in their outer shell are placed in the same:
A) Period
B) Group
C) Row
D) Quantum level

Group

The distance between two successive wave crests is known as:
A) Frequency
B) Wavelength (λ)
C) Amplitude
D) Velocity

Wavelength (λ)

The number of wave cycles passing a given point per second is:
A) Wavelength
B) Frequency
C) Amplitude
D) Velocity

B) Frequency

The speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum is:
A) 3 × 10⁸ m/s
B) 3 × 10⁶ m/s
C) 3 × 10⁴ m/s
D) 300 m/s

3 × 10⁸ m/s

The maximum height of a wave from its rest position is its:
A) Frequency
B) Velocity
C) Amplitude
D) Quantum

Amplitude

The relationship between wavelength (λ) and frequency (f) is:
A) Directly proportional
B) Inversely proportional
C) Unrelated
D) Constant

Inversely Proportional

vA photon is best described as:
A) A particle with mass and charge
B) A massless packet of energy traveling at the speed of light
C) A neutron orbiting in the nucleus
D) A proton in motion

A massless packet of energy traveling at the speed of light

The smallest bundle of energy of electromagnetic radiation is called a:
A) Photon
B) Quantum
C) Electron
D) Proton

Quantum

Which statement about photons is FALSE?
A) All photons have energy
B) All photons travel at the speed of light
C) All photons create heat
D) Photons have no rest mass

All photons create heat

Photon energy and frequency are :

A) directly proportional

B) inversely proportional

C) proportional

D) indirectly disproportional

Directly proportional

A polyenergetic X-ray beam is one that:
A) Contains photons of identical energy
B) Contains photons of multiple energies
C) Has only low-energy radiation
D) Is homogeneous in quality

Contains photons of multiple energies

A heterogeneous X-ray beam means:
A) The beam has photons of different energies
B) The beam is uniform in wavelength
C) The beam contains only one frequency
D) The beam travels at different speeds

The beam has photons of different energies

Which of the following is NOT a property of X-rays?
A) They travel in straight lines at the speed of light
B) They are invisible and cannot be refracted
C) They have no mass and no charge
D) They are deflected by magnetic fields

They are deflected by magnetic fields

X-rays differ from visible light primarily in their:
A) Velocity
B) Wavelength and frequency
C) Amplitude
D) Mode of travel

Wavelength and frequency

he wavelength of diagnostic X-rays typically falls in which range?
A) 0.1 to 0.5 nm
B) 1 to 10 nm
C) 0.01 to 0.1 nm
D) 10 to 100 nm

C) 0.01 to 0.1 nm

Through his use of the scientific method, Rontgen found that x-rays:

1. highly penetrating

2. can ionize matter

3. produce secondary and scatter radiation

4. travel slower than visible light

5. bend around corners

A) 1 , 2 , 3 and 5

B) 1 and 5 only

C) 2, 3 and 4

D) 1 , 2 , and 3 only

D) 1 , 2, and 3 only