HOSA- Dental Terminology 2

canine

one of the four pointed teeth in humans; cuspids

cassette

a lightweight container in which x-ray films are placed for radiation exposure

carotid

either one of the two main arteries of the neck

cherubism

genetic disorder resulting in enlargement of cheek tissue and other facial structures

dens in dente

tooth within a tooth

dentinogenesis imperfecta

incomplete or improper development of dentin tissue, between enamel and cementum

early tooth exfoliation

tooth loss resulting in shifting of teeth and loss of position

ejector

an aspirator; device used to remove debris and fluids

enameloplasty

reshaping of a tooth/removin a small amount of the enamel by grinding

fibroma

a hard fibrous/connective tissue tumor in the jaw/mouth, benign

flexion

bending of a joint, opposite of extension

foramen

a natural opening in a bone

forceps

used to grasp tissue and clamp blood vessels

fossa

a pit, hollow or depression

gangrene

death of tissue (necrosis) en masse, caused by lack of blood supply

gemination

division of a single tooth into 2

gingivosis

desquamative gingivitis (red, ulcerated, shedding gums)

glenoid

the fossa in the temporal bone in which condyles of the mandible articulate with the skull

handpieces

help aid dentist in tooth preparation and remove dental decay

hematoma

mass of blood in tissue

hemostasis

arrest of bleeding

hemostat

stops bleeding by clamping the blood vessel

howe pliers

(aka 110) straight and includes beaks that have a flat rounded end, making them useful for holding items

humectant

substance that prevents moisture loss

hyperdontia

supernumerary teeth; teeth that appear in addition to the regular number of teeth

hyperemia

excessive amount of blood flow to a tissue

hypodontia

missing teeth due to lack of growth

intrinsic

internal discoloration of teeth resulting from diet, medication, or excessive fluoride intake during tooth development

keratosis

type of wart

lentula

a flexible spiral-wire instrument

linear applicator

place calcium hydroxide in or glass ionomer in cavity preparation

lipoma

benign fatty tumor

lymphangioma

tumor made up of lymphatic vessels

mendula

lower jaw

ostectomy

removal/excision of all or part of a bone surrounding a tooth

osteoma

a benign neoplasm of bone tissue

papilloma

neoplasm arising from epithelial cells; benign tumor

periodontium

specialized tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth

positioner

removable elastic orthodontic appliance

pulp

area of tooth that holds the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth

radicular

pertaining to the tooth root

ranula

muococele in the floor of the mouth in the sublingual duct

refractory

ability to withstand high temperatures used in procedures

retraction

laying back of tissues to expose a given part

scorbutic

lacking vitamin C

silica

quartz; used to make dental porcelain

subperiosteal

implant plate or frame placed under the periodontium and stabilized on the mandibular bone; used when bone height/width is insufficient; rests on top of bone

titration

increase in drug dosage for optimal therapeutic effect

transosteal

implant; large plate stabilized on the lower border of the mandibular bone with posts extending through the gingiva; used to anchor prostheses in difficult situations

vasodilator

agent causing dilation of blood vessels

vasomotor

causing expansion or contraction of blood vessel walls

verucca vulgaris

benign growth; wart on skin due to viral infection of epidermal cells

vesicle

a small blister-like elevation of the skin

periradicular

around the root

objective signs

conditions observed by someone other than the patient; Ex: hyperextension, putrefaction

tooth hyperextension

condition in which the tooth arises out of the socket

putrefaction

noticeable, unpleasant odor

subjective symptoms

conditions as described by the patient; Ex: hypersensitivity, pulpalgia

palpation

application of finger pressure to body tissues, including gingiva

mobility

movement of a tooth in its socket during outside force or application of pressure

transillumination

light refraction test to reveal fractured tooth tissue

thermal

pulp sensitivity test with reaction to application of heat and/or cold to tooth surface

direct dentin stimulation

scratching the exposed dentin with an explorer; presence of pain indicates inflamed/irritated pulp tissue

suppurative

producing pus

pericementitis

inflammation and necrosis of alveoli of the tooth

root end resection

surgical amputation of a root apex; may be necessary where there is a radical cyst

anesthesia

local injection to relieve pain occurring during the procedure; first step of root canal treatment

estirpation

removal of the pulpal tissue after the pulpal opening; third step of root canal treatment

irrigation and cleansing

use of chemicals and instruments to remove tissue dust and material matter from the pulp and pulp canals; fifth step of root canal treatment

obturation

fillling and closing of the canal area; may consist of filling from the pulp to the apex or may be complete in a retrograde; sixth step of root canal treatment

retrograde

process of filling a root canal beginning from the apex of the tooth to the pulp

retrofill endodontic restoration

process of filling a root canal beginning from the apex of the tooth to the pulp

restoration

returning of tooth to normal function and purpose; last step of root canal treatment

dental dam

used to isolate the endodontic site

dental dam material

thin sheet of latex or non-latex rubber that varies in thickness, color, and size; component of a dental dam

dental dam frame

device used to hold dental dam material in place; may be metal or plastic, rigid or adjustable

dental dam punch

device used to place selected holes in dam material for isolating a tooth/teeth

dental dam forceps

hand device used to transport and place clamps/retainers around a tooth being isolated with a dental dam

rubber dam stamp and pad

marking stamper and pad devices used to indicated alignment spots for puncturing dental dam material with the punch

dental dam clamp

retaining device used to hold dental dam material around the tooth; may be metal or resin and vary in size, shape, and style

dental dam ligature

material used to hold and secure dam material in the mouth; Ex: dental floss, latex stabilizing cord, small piece of dental dam

file

thin, rough-edged instrument used to plane and smooth pulpal walls

flex file

stainless steel or nickel titanium alloy file that is stronger and more flexible; used in narrow, curved root canals

pesso reamer

thicker, engine-driven reamer with larger and longer parallel cutting edges for use in root canal openings

paper points

small, narrow, absorbent paper tips that may be inserted into an obturated root canal; used to dry the prep site or to carry medication to the area; available in various gauges and lengths or may have tips cut off to accommodate needed size

stopper

small piece of elastic band or commercial plug that is moved up or down the shaft of an endodontic instrument; used to mark and indicated the length of penetration

rotary burs and stones

friction grip burs with diamond or carbide tips used to gain access to a root canal through restoration and crowns

root canal plugger

longer-shanked with a flat tipped nib; used to condense and adapt root canal filling material

root canal condenser

handled, long-tip instrument that may be heated and used to condense gutta-percha to root canal walls

Lentulo spiral drill

thin, twisted wire, latch-type rotary instrument used to spread calcium hydroxide or cement into a root canal

apex locator machine

used to determine the proximity of the test file to the root apex and relate the information to PC board screen during preparation of a root canal

heat carrier machine

provides adjustable heat to soften, deliver, and condense gutta-percha to a root canal

electric endodontic handpiece

permits the use of instruments at slow speeds for finger instrumentation

Luer-loc syringe

barrel-type syringe with piston force plunger; used to inject fluids into the cavity

silver points

tapered silver points comparable in size to files and reamers; used to fill a root canal

cement pastes and fillers

zinc oxide and eugenol mixes with commercial materials; used to cement points in a root canal

sodium hypochlorite

chemical used to clean and sterilize

hydrogen peroxide

chemical used to clean and sterilize

glycerin

used to lubricate root canal

chelator

chemical ion softener used to soften tissue