Micro Lab Final questions

Tears, saliva, mucus, and breast milk contain the enzyme _____________ that destroys certain bacteria.

 

protein kinase

 

granzyme

 

lysozyme

 

adenylate cyclase

lysozyme 

Which first-line defense molecules produced by the immune system kill pathogens, and pathogens rarely become resistant to them?

 

AMPs

 

tumor necrosis factors

 

holoenzymes

 

antibodies

AMPs

Which subcategory of first-line defenses does skin belong to?

 

molecular barriers

 

physical barriers

 

mechanical barriers

 

chemical barriers

physical barriers

what is B

eosinophil

what is A

neutrophil

what is F

dendritic cell

what is E

monocyte

what is C

basophil

what is D

mast cell 

what is D

lymphocyte

Swollen ________ indicate that a foreign antigen is present, and leukocytes are rapidly multiplying to mount an immune response.

 

thymus tissue

 

lymph nodes

 

spleen tissue

 

bone marrow

lymph nodes

The thymus and bone marrow are considered _________ lymphoid tissue.

 

secondary

 

GALT

 

MALT

 

primary

primary

The majority of secondary lymphoid tissue is called ________, and includes Peyer’s patches, tonsils, and the appendix.

 

the spleen

 

MALT

 

bone marrow

 

lymph nodes

MALT

Which granulocyte when stained exhibits red-orange granules, is moderately phagocytic, and attacks allergens and parasites?

 

mast cells

 

eosinophils

 

basophils

 

neutrophils

eosinophils

Which granulocyte contains granules packed with histamine, that stain dark purple?

 

eosinophils

 

monocytes

 

neutrophils

 

basophils

basophils

Which agranulocyte has a large horseshoe-shaped nucleus, and matures into either fixed or wandering macrophages?

 

dendritic cells

 

mast cells

 

NK cells

 

monocytes

monocytes

Signaling proteins that support cell-to-cell communication and initiate and coordinate immune responses are called ___________. Examples of these signaling proteins are interleukins and interferons.

 

necrosis factors

 

pyrogens

 

cytokines

 

siderophores

cytokines

Which complement pathway has complement proteins that are directly activated by interacting with a pathogen?

 

traditional pathway

 

classical pathway

 

alternative pathway

 

lectin pathway

alternative pathway 

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark sign of inflammation?

 

pain

 

redness

 

swelling

 

fever

fever

Fever-inducing agents released by certain microbes are called ___________.

 

adhesins

 

siderophores

 

pyrogens

 

lectins

pyrogens

______ cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and ______ cells are involved in humoral immunity.

 

B; T

 

granulocyte/agranulocyte

 

T; B

 

agranulocyte/granulocyte

T;B

T cells can be classified by certain glycoproteins on their surface called clusters of differentiation (CD). T helper cells are classified as __________, and T cytotoxic are classified as __________.

 

CD8/CD4

 

CD4/ CD8

 

CD8/CD3

 

CD7/CD4

CD4/ CD8

What is the function of activated macrophages in cell-mediated immunity?

 

stimulates the production of IgE and IgM

 

enhances phagocytic activity

 

activates cells related to cell-mediated immunity (macrophages, Tc cells, NK cells)

 

recruits neutrophils and stimulates the production of antimicrobial proteins

enhances phagocytic activity

Once T or B cells are activated, they proliferate and differentiate into active immune cells and ___________ cells that protect the body from reinfection from the same pathogen.

 

regulatory

 

terminal

 

memory

 

post-immune

memory 

T helper cells produce cytokines that signal B cells to produce plasma cells, and T ________ cells, that function to destroy infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted tissues.

 

regulatory

 

necrotic

 

cytotoxic

 

stimulatory

cytotoxic

The T helper cell subclass that stimulates B cells to proliferate and differentiate is called ________.

 

TC

 

TH2

 

Treg

 

TH1

TH2

Which of the following is a function of antibodies?

 

increases phagocytosis

 

all answers are functions of antibodies

 

activation of complement

 

neutralization of antigens

all answers are functions of antibodies

Which antibody isotype can be monomeric or dimeric, and is the primary antibody found in breast milk?

 

IgA

 

IgM

 

IgG

 

IgD

IgA

Which antibody isotype can be monomeric or pentameric, and is produced early in infection?

 

IgE

 

IgM

 

IgG

 

IgA

IgM

Various mechanisms used by the host to defend against unwanted pathogens is called __________.

 

immunity

 

hygiene hypothesis

 

tolerance

 

immune theory

immunity 

First-and second-line defenses are considered ___________.

 

cellular immunity

 

adaptive immunity

 

humoral immunity

 

innate immunity

innate immunity

Which of the following is not considered a part of innate immunity?

 

normal microbiota

 

phagocytes

 

cytotoxic T-cells

 

skin

cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following doesn't describe an action of first line-innate mechanical defenses?

 

trapping

 

rinsing

 

digesting

 

flushing

digesting 

Which type of first-line innate defenses does stomach acid belong to?

 

physical barriers

 

chemical barriers

 

mechanical barriers

 

cellular barriers

chemical barriers

Which of the following is NOT a molecular second-line innate defense?

 

complement

 

iron-binding proteins

 

cytokines

 

lysozyme

lysozyme

Which of the following leukocytes is part of cellular second-line innate immunity?

 

plasma cells

 

T cells

 

B cells

 

neutrophils

neutrophils 

Which type of cytokines interfere with viral replication in virus infected cells?

 

chemokines

 

interleukins

 

interferons

 

tumor necrosis factors

interferons

What is the innate immune function of ferritin in the blood?

 

binds free iron

 

recruits phagocytes

 

induces apoptosis

 

induces fever

binds free iron

Which of the following is not a complement pathway?

 

classical pathway

 

lectin pathway

 

primary pathway

 

alternative pathway

primary pathway 

Which of the following in not an outcome of complement cascade activation?

 

fever

 

cytolysis

 

opsonization

 

inflammation

fever

What is the outcome when a MAC complex is formed in a cell?

 

cell proliferation

 

cell phagocytosis

 

cell lysis

 

cell differentiation

cell lysis

A molecule that stimulates an immune response is called __________.

 

an opsonin

 

a siderophore

 

an antigen

 

a pyrogen

an antigen 

T cell and B cell receptors only recognize one type of ____________.

 

amino acid

 

complement protein

 

epitope

 

adaptogen

epitope

The cellular and humoral responses proceed through four stages of activation. Put the following stages in the order that they occur:

A) Antigen elimination and memory
B) Antigen presentation
C) Lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation
D) Lymphocyte activation

B,D,C,A