(16) Sources of orofacial pain & (17) Hyperalgesia

Orofacial pain can originate from __________ or __________ sources.

intracranial / extracranial

Two intracranial sources of orofacial pain are __________ and __________.

Intracranial = Conditions inside the skull

Extracranial = Conditions outside the skull

vascular pain (headaches) / tumors

Extracranial sources of orofacial pain include __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

ears, eyes, nose and paranasal sinuses, throat and tongue, lymph glands, salivary glands, neck, teeth and gingiva

Pain perceived in a site distant from the nociceptive source is called __________.

referred pain

__________ is stimulation of specialized nerve endings that transmit information about tissue damage to the central nervous system.

nociception

Ear pain originates from another location in about __________% of patients.

50%

Inflammation or infection of the __________ may refer pain to the __________.

maxillary sinus / maxillary teeth

Throat disorders commonly refer pain to the __________.

ear

Pain from a __________ may be referred to the __________ or __________.

heart attack / jaw / teeth

__________ is an abnormally increased sensitivity to pain, where minor stimuli feel severely painful, often caused by nerve damage, tissue injury

hyperalgesia

Hyperalgesia commonly occurs in __________ disorders.

myofascial pain

Hyperalgesia involves __________ pain perception to a normally painful stimulus.

exaggerated

Orofacial pain can originate from which two main categories?

A. Dental and muscular

B. Intracranial and extracranial

C. Acute and chronic

D. Neurologic and infectious

B

Which of the following is an intracranial source of orofacial pain?

A. Teeth

B. Salivary glands

C. Vascular headache

D. Sinus infection

C

Which of the following is NOT an extracranial source of orofacial pain?

A. Eyes

B. Teeth and gingiva

C. Vascular headache

D. Salivary glands

C

Pain perceived in a location different from its origin is called:

A. Hyperalgesia

B. Neuralgia

C. Referred pain

D. Dysesthesia

C

Which of the following structures is an extracranial source of orofacial pain?

A. Brain

B. Salivary glands

C. Cerebellum

D. Brainstem

B

Ear pain (otalgia) originates from another location in approximately:

A. 10% of patients

B. 25% of patients

C. 50% of patients

D. 75% of patients

C

Common sources of referred ear pain include:

A. Liver and pancreas

B. TMJ, teeth, and masticatory muscles

C. Brainstem and cerebellum

D. Esophagus and stomach

B

Inflammation of the maxillary sinus may refer pain to the:

A. Mandibular incisors

B. Maxillary teeth

C. Tongue

D. Palate

B

Pain from a heart attack may be referred to the:

A. Eyes

B. Jaw or teeth

C. Nose

D. Ears

B

Hyperalgesia is defined as:

A. Pain without stimulus

B. Pain perceived in a distant location

C. Increased response to a normally painful stimulus

D. Decreased pain sensitivity

C

Hyperalgesia is commonly associated with:

A. Viral infections

B. Myofascial pain disorders

C. Bone fractures

D. Sinus infections

B

Which muscle can refer pain to the ear?

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Sternocleidomastoid

D. Buccinator

C