Amino Acids and Proteins

Flashcards on Amino Acids and Proteins

Non-polar aliphatic amino acids

Amino acids with a non-polar side chain.

Aromatic side chains

Amino acids containing conjugated double bonds that allow them to absorb UV light.

Polar uncharged amino acids

Amino acids with a polar, uncharged side chain.

Negatively charged amino acids

Amino acids that are acidic and negatively charged.

Positively charged amino acids

Amino acids that are basic and positively charged.

4-Hydroxyproline

Amino acid that is a component in collagen and plant cell walls.

N-6 methyl lysine

Amino acid that is a component of myosin.

Desmosine

Amino acid that is a component in elastin.

Gamma-carboxy glutamic acid

Amino acid found in prothrombin (blood clotting protein).

Taurine

An amino acid involved in bile acid production and supports heart muscle function and vision health.

Ornithine

An amino acid involved in the urea cycle.

Citrulline

An intermediate amino acid involved in the urea cycle.

Carnitine

An amino acid that helps to transport long-chain fatty acids.

Homocysteine

Amino acid involved in protein synthesis.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A neurotransmitter amino acid.

L-configuration

The most common stereochemistry configuration for amino acids.

Zwitterion

A molecule with both positive and negative charges.

Histidine Isoelectric point

The isoelectric point of Histidine

Peptide bond

A covalent bond formed between the alpha-COOH group of one amino acid and the alpha-amino group of another.

Vasopressin (ADH)

Biological active peptide that Stimulates water reabsorption in the kidney

Oxytocin

Biological active peptide that Stimulate lactation

Pyrimidine

Nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA - which is derived from Aspartate

Purine

Nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA - Which is derived from Aspartate, Glycine, Glutamine

Chlorophylls

Porphyrin rings of heme and chlorophylls that are produced via Glycine + Succinyl CoA and contain a Mg molecule

Heme

Porphyrin rings of heme and chlorophylls that are produced via Glycine + Succinyl CoA and contain a Fe molecule.

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, epinephrine

Neurotransmitters derived from Tyrosine.

Serotonin

Neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan

Melatonin

Hormone derived from tryptophan.

Glutamate

Forms GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) - neurotransmitter

Glutathione

Antioxidant that contains glycine, glutamate, cysteine.

Gel

An Electrophoresis medium is:

Filter paper

A Paper chromatography medium is:

Electric field

An Electrophoresis Driving force is:

Capillary action

A Paper chromatography Driving force is:

Bands

Electrophoresis outputs:

Spots

Paper chromatography outputs:

Primary protein structure

Protein structures level that polypeptide chains formed by linking amino acids through peptide bonds

Glutamate

Polar amino acid in normal hemoglobin is substituted by non-polar valine in sickle hemoglobin (HbS).

Secondary protein structure

Protein structures level that forms alpha-helix, beta pleated sheets

Glycine

Amino acid that destabilizes an alpha-helix.

Proline, bulky amino acid, charged amino acids

Amino acids that disrupt the alpha-helix.

Random coil

Class of conformation which absent of a regular secondary structure

Quaternary structure

Proteins with 2 or more polypeptide chains

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy – mad cow disease

Pathological conditions of misfolding protein

Prions

Founding locations: Neurons in brain, muscle cells, liver, WBC in Misfolded infectious proteins

PrPSc

PrPSc convert more PrPC into

Alzheimer’s

A progressive neurodegenerative disorder

Alpha chain

Primary structure in Globin proteins that contains 141 amino acids

Beta chain

Primary structure in Globin proteins that contains 146 amino acids

Keratin

Protein that Acts as a protective barrier is

Tertiary

Molecular structure of Keratin

Collagen

The most abundant protein type in animals that has tensile strength

Mammals

Alpha – Keratin that is found in

Birds and reptiles

Beta – Keratin that is found in

Cysteine

Amino acid with disulfide bonds for strength

Applying moist heat

Intra-chain H-bonds are broken into beta-sheet like extended strands when …

Thioglycolate

A thiol-based reducing agent that cleaves disulfide bonds and converts them into free cysteine groups

H2O2

An oxidizing agent that Forms new disulfide bonds between cysteine pairs