Ap Bio Vocabulary

Carbohydrates

Broken down to glucose to provide energy.

Lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

nucleic acids

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus (DNA N RNA)

Adhesion

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

capillary action

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

peptide bond

The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

Surface tension

the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface

Cellulose

A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organismsu in

RNA

A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages

saturated fats

A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.

Solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Hydrolysis reaction

any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds

Condensation reaction

the conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid.

Polar

is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.

Non polar

occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out.

Chemical reaction

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

Hydrogen Bond

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

Covalent bond

is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.

Ionic bond

type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound.

Glucose

a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

DNA

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Enzyme

is a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein.

Unsaturated fat

a type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules with at least one double bond

Triglyceride

a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood

protein

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids