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What is the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s.
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Movement?
A pivotal struggle aimed at ending racial discrimination and securing equal rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
An influential African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who co-founded the NAACP.
Define 'Jim Crow laws.'
State and local laws enacted to enforce racial segregation in the Southern United States.
What was the role of the NAACP?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People focused on fighting for civil rights and opposing racial discrimination.
Who was Malcolm X?
A prominent African American leader and activist who advocated for black empowerment and the use of self-defense against racism.
What was the impact of the Great Migration?
The movement of over six million African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West between 1916 and 1970.
What is the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education case?
A landmark Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
Who was Rosa Parks?
An activist known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person.
Define 'Afrofuturism.'
A cultural aesthetic that combines elements of science fiction with African history and culture, exploring the future through a Black lens.
What is the AP African American Studies course?
An advanced placement course that explores the history, culture, and contributions of African Americans.
What themes are covered in AP African American Studies?
Themes include the historical impact of African Americans, cultural expressions, and the struggle for civil rights.
Who is Carter G. Woodson?
An African American historian known as the 'Father of Black History Month' and founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.
What was the role of the underground railroad?
A network that helped enslaved African Americans escape to freedom in the North.
Who were the Freedom Riders?
Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961.
What was the Harlem Hellfighters?
The first African American regiment to serve in World War I, known for their bravery and accomplishments.
What is the significance of the 13th Amendment?
It abolished slavery in the United States.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
An African American abolitionist, writer, and speaker who escaped slavery and became a leading voice for emancipation.
What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?
An executive order issued by President Lincoln that freed enslaved persons in the Confederate states.
Who was Sojourner Truth?
An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist known for her speech 'Ain't I a Woman?'
Define 'Black Power.'
A political and social movement that emphasized racial pride and the necessity of economic and political self-sufficiency for African Americans.
What was the Black Arts Movement?
A cultural movement in the 1960s that aimed to create a distinct African American culture through literature and art.
Who was Langston Hughes?
A prominent figure of the Harlem Renaissance known for his poetry and advocacy for African American culture.
What does the term 'Redlining' refer to?
The discriminatory practice of refusing loans or insurance to residents in certain, often racially segregated, neighborhoods.
What were the Civil Rights Acts?
Legislation aimed at ending discrimination and granting equal rights to all Americans, particularly African Americans.
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
The first African American Supreme Court Justice and a key figure in the legal fight against segregation.
What is the significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
It aimed to eliminate barriers that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote.
Define 'Afrocentrism.'
An approach that centers African culture, history, and perspectives, challenging Eurocentric narratives.
What was the role of the Black Panther Party?
A political organization founded to fight for self-defense, civil rights, and social justice for African Americans.
Who was Ida B. Wells?
An African American journalist and activist known for her anti-lynching campaigns.
What was the significance of the Tuskegee Airmen?
They were the first African American military aviators in the U.S. Army Air Corps during WWII.
Define 'Institutional racism.'
A form of racism that is embedded in the policies and practices of societal institutions.
What was the goal of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund?
To provide legal assistance and advocacy for civil rights issues affecting African Americans.
Who was Shirley Chisholm?
The first African American woman elected to the U.S. Congress and a key figure in the feminist movement.
Define 'Cultural appropriation.'
The adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture, often without understanding or respect.
What was the significance of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom?
A 1963 event where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic 'I Have a Dream' speech.
Who was James Baldwin?
An American novelist and essayist known for addressing issues of race and sexuality.
What are the origins of Juneteenth?
It marks the announcement of the abolition of slavery in Texas on June 19, 1865.
What is 'Black Lives Matter'?
A social movement aimed at addressing systemic racism and violence against Black individuals.
Who was Nina Simone?
An iconic singer and civil rights activist known for her expressive music and political engagement.
Define 'Systemic racism.'
Patterns of social structure that create and maintain racial inequality.
What role did the New Negro Movement play?
A cultural movement associated with the Harlem Renaissance, promoting a new sense of pride among African Americans.
What was the impact of the GI Bill on African Americans?
While it provided benefits to many veterans, it often excluded or marginalized African Americans due to discriminatory practices.
Who was Ella Baker?
A civil rights activist who played a major role in organizing and advocating for grassroots activism.
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s?
It was a pivotal decade for the fight against racial segregation and discrimination in the U.S.
Who was Benjamin Hooks?
A civil rights leader and former executive director of the NAACP.
Define 'Racial profiling.'
The use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense.
What is the purpose of Black History Month?
To recognize and celebrate the contributions and achievements of African Americans throughout history.
Who was Marcus Garvey?
An African American leader who promoted black nationalism and the Back-to-Africa movement.
What does 'Intersectionality' mean?
A framework for understanding how various forms of discrimination overlap and affect individuals.
What are 'Jim Crow laws'?
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
What was the Watts Rebellion?
A violent riot in Watts, Los Angeles, in 1965, stemming from racial tensions and police brutality.
Who was Angela Davis?
An activist, scholar, and author known for her involvement in the civil rights and Black liberation movements.
Define 'Cultural identity.'
The sense of belonging to a particular culture and the influence it has on an individual's self-perception.
What role did the NAACP play in Brown v. Board of Education?
The NAACP was instrumental in bringing the case to the Supreme Court, which resulted in the desegregation of schools.
Who was Dorothy Height?
A civil rights and women's rights activist whose work focused on racial and gender equality.
What is the function of the National Urban League?
To advocate for economic and social justice for underserved urban communities.
What was the purpose of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
To coordinate and support nonviolent protests against racial segregation and discrimination.
Who was CORE?
The Congress of Racial Equality, an organization that played a major role in the civil rights movement.
What was the role of music in the Civil Rights Movement?
Music served as a unifying force and a means of expressing the struggles and aspirations of the movement.
Define 'Environmental racism.'
Policies or practices that disproportionately affect people of color regarding environmental hazards.
What was the outcome of the Stonewall Riots?
The riots were a catalyst for the LGBTQ+ rights movement, highlighting issues of police harassment.
Who was Barack Obama?
The first African American President of the United States, serving from 2009 to 2017.
What is the significance of the Freedom Summer?
A campaign launched to increase voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi.
Who was Fannie Lou Hamer?
A civil rights activist known for her work in voting rights and her role in the Freedom Democratic Party.
Define 'Black Feminism.'
A movement that addresses the intersection of race, gender, and class and advocates for the rights of Black women.
What is the significance of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)?
It works to defend and preserve individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution.
What were the key issues in Unit 1 of AP African American Studies?
Key issues included the historical context of African American experiences, the origins of slavery, and the development of African American culture.
What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
A historical trade route where millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas as slaves.
What role did plantation economies play in the lives of African Americans?
Plantation economies relied on enslaved labor, shaping the experiences and social structures of African Americans.
What were the main causes of the Civil War in relation to slavery?
Causes included economic differences, the expansion of slavery into new territories, and the Southern states' defense of slaveholding.
Define 'Black Codes.'
State laws enacted in the South post-Civil War to restrict the rights of newly freed African Americans.
What significance does the Reconstruction Era hold?
A period following the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.
What was the impact of the Freedmen's Bureau?
An agency established to help formerly enslaved people transition to freedom through education, health care, and employment.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
An African American educator and leader who advocated for vocational training for African Americans and founded Tuskegee Institute.
What was W.E.B. Du Bois' perspective on African American education?
He believed in the importance of higher education and the development of a 'Talented Tenth' to lead the African American community.
What were Jim Crow laws?
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States, enacted in the late 19th century.
What was the significance of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
A landmark Supreme Court decision that ruled African Americans were not citizens and could not sue in federal court.
What were the Black Freedom Struggles?
Efforts by African Americans to achieve justice and equality throughout American history, encompassing many movements.
What is 'Double Consciousness'?
A concept developed by W.E.B. Du Bois that describes an internal conflict experienced by subordinated groups in an oppressive society.
Define 'Cultural Assimilation.'
The process where minority groups adopt the customs and values of the dominant culture, often at the expense of their own.
What was the impact of the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural movement in the 1920s that celebrated black culture and promoted African American literature, art, and music.
What are some key themes in Unit 2 of AP African American Studies?
Key themes include the struggle for civil rights, the impact of slavery, and the contributions of African Americans in shaping U.S. history.
Who were the abolitionists?
Individuals who campaigned against slavery and worked to end it, including figures like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman.
What role did the Freedmen's Bureau play in Reconstruction?
It helped newly freed African Americans by providing education, healthcare, and employment assistance.
What does 'Intersectionality' refer to?
A framework that examines how various social identities and systems of oppression intersect and overlap.
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
A pivotal law that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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