bio

Name a sugar that yeast was able to use as a substrate.

glucose

What was the gas produced by yeast during respiration?

Carbon dioxide

FMN (flavin mononucleotide) is:

a transmembrane protein.

Mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane that separates the organelle into two compartments, the inner matrix, and the outer intermembrane space. How does the presence of two compartments contribute to the function of the mitochondria.

The two compartments have different environmental conditions, and therefore different functions.

The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

substrate level phosphophorylation

The Calvin cycle begins by carboxylation of which molecule?

ribulose bisphosphate

Where does carbon fixation take place in a photosynthetic cell?

the stroma

Chloroplasts are found in

mesophyll cells

Carotenoids and chlorophylls, both:

are light harvesting pigments.

What is the sequence of flow of electrons during the light-dependent reactions?

Photosystem II, plastocyanin, photosystem I, NADP+

In which stage of Meiosis does reduction division occur (i.e. when does the cell become haploid)?

anaphase 1

Which of the following is characteristic of mitosis, but not of meiosis?

The daugher cells produced are genetically identical to the parent cells.

During which stage of meiosis does synapsis occur?

prophase 1

At the end of the first meiotic division, each chromosome consists of:

two sister chromatids

What is the correct sequence in the progression of the cell cycle?

G1-S-G2-M

In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterzygous (RW) of red (RR) and white (WW) homozygotes. The polled (hornless) gene (H) is dominant to the horned (h) gene. What proportion of roan polled cattle would you expect from a RWhhx WWHH cross?

50%

What is the genotype of an individual who shows the recessive trait in dominant/recessive inheritance?

homozygous

A woman has a blood type of A+. Her daughter is O+, and her son is B negative. Rh positive is a simple dominant over Rh negative. Assuming the two children have the same father, and he is Rh negative, what is his blood type?

b-

Monohybrid cross: An organism that is homozygous recessive for a trait is crossed with a known heterozygote. What is the probability of getting an offspring that is homozygous recessive?

50%

A man with blood type A whose mother has blood type O, has a child by a woman with blood type AB. What is the probability that their baby will have blood type AB?

25%

A mammalian zygote with which of the following chromosomal abnormalities will never develop into a viable embryo?

YO

Following crossover, the homologous chromosomes split, then in Meiosis II, sister chromatids split. The sister chromatids are that will result from unequal crossing over are labeled A, B, C, D. If chromatid C was packaged into a gamete, which of the following conditions would result?

insertion

Which of the following types of mutation is most likely to be deleterious?

a frameshift mutation

What is the karyotype for Turners syndrome?

monosomy of the X chromosome

Why doens't aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes result in extreme abnormalities when compared with aneuploidy of the autosomes?

Extra X chromosomes form Barr bodies which are functionally inactive.

Besides glyceraldehyde phosphate, what other three-carbon compound is produced from the breakdown of fructose 1,6-disphosphate?

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Cellular organelle that serves as the site for energy production in animal cells:

mitochondria

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain involved in cellular respiration, located?

the inner mitochondrial membrane

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true?

The light-dependent reactions produce the energy-rich compounds that are used to run the light-independent reactions.

The oxygen that is released as a byproduct during photosynthesis comes from:

water

How many carbon atoms are present in one molecule of ribulose bisphosphate?

5

What energy-rich organic compound is produced by the Calvin Cycle?

glucose

The process of chromosome distribution between two daughter cells is known as:

mitosis

All of the following are events that take place in prophase EXCEPT:

Chromosomes are duplicated.

The stage of mitosis that is characterized by the attachment of spindle microtubules to the centromeres of each chromosome is:

prometaphase

Secondary spermatocytes form from:

the process of Meiosis I.

During which stage of mitosis do the kinetochore microtubules attach to the centromeres?

prometaphase

A woman and her husband both show the normal phenotype for pigmentation, but both had one parent who was albino. Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait. What is the probability that their first child will be an albino?

first25%

second

third

A man with blood type A whose mother has blood type O, has a child by a woman with blood type AB. What is the probability that their baby will have blood type O? A and B are dominant to O, and A and B are codominant.

0

When flipping a coin, what is the probability of getting a tail? Use whole numbers, and no percent sign

50-Answer range +/-0 (50.0 - 50.0 )

How many traits are studied in a dihybrid cross?

two traits

In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterzygous (RW) of red (RR) and white (WW) homozygotes. The polled (hornless) gene (H) is dominant to the horned (h) gene. What proportion of roan polled cattle would you expect from a RWhh x WWhh cross?

0

Which of the following disorders is a result of aneuploidy?

Klinefelters syndrome

Following crossover, the homologous chromosomes split, then in Meiosis II, sister chromatids split. The sister chromatids are that will result from unequal crossing

deletion

Trisomy 18 is also known as:

Edward's syndrome

Following crossover, the homologous chromosomes split, then in Meiosis II, sister chromatids split. The sister chromatids are that will result from unequal crossing over are labeled A, B, C, D. If chromatid A was packaged into a gamete, which of the following conditions would result?

a normal chromosome with no visible alterations

In a redox reaction,

the substance that is oxidized loses energy.

Which metabolic pathway(s) are involved in the complete degradation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water? Check all that apply.

Kreb's cycle

electron transport

glycolysis

Citrate is found in which metabolic pathway?

glycolysis

Light-driven electron transport that takes place in the chloroplast pumps H+ into which space?

thylakoid lumen

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in:

the thylakoid membrane.

Why are leaves green?

because they reflect green light

In metaphase of mitosis, the two sister chromatids of a chromosome:

are genetically identical.

At what point in the cell cycle are centrioles duplicated?

G2 stage of interphase

a haploid cell that participates in the fertilization process (check all that apply):

egg

gamete

sperm

The fusion of two gametes is known as:

fertlization

Snapdragons can have red, white, or pink flowers. Red flowers are the result of a homzygous genotype for red; white flowers result when the organism is homozygous for white; and pink is the result of a heterozygous genotype (one red gene and one white gene). When red flowered plants are crossed with white flowered plants, what proportion of the offspring are expected to have pink flowers?

100%

When rolling a die (singular of dice), what is the probability of getting a 5?

1/6

Which of the following males would have one or more Barr bodies?

Klinefelters syndrome

If the chromosome on the left is the normal chromosome, and the one on the right is its homologue, what can you say about the difference between the two chromosomes?

There has been a deletion of chromosome 18.

What is the karyotype for Klinefelters syndrome?

trisomy of the sex chromosomes

Which of the following females would NOT have Barr bodies in their somatic cells?

the turners syndrome female

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the enzyme, phosphofructokinase?

It is inhibited by ADP.

Visible light, the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to humans, occupies what part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

a small portion in the middle

During which stage of mitosis are the chromosomes aligned on the equator (middle line) of the cell?

metaphase

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

DNA replication

What is the expected probability of getting two heads (HH) when you flip two coins simultaneously?

25%

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

the light-independent reactions

During which stage of mitosis do centromeres split and sister chromosomes move to opposite poles?

anaphase

In what stage of meiosis would chiasma most likely be observed?

prophase 1

Following crossover, the homologous chromosomes split, then in Meiosis II, sister chromatids split. The sister chromatids are that will result from unequal crossing over are labeled A, B, C, D. If chromatid b was packaged into a gamete, which of the following conditions would result?

deletion

Snapdragons can have red, white, or pink flowers. Red flowers are the result of a homzygous genotype for red; white flowers result when the organism is homozygous for white; and pink is the result of a heterozygous genotype (one red gene and one white gene). This type of inheritance, where the heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype between the two homozygotes is known as:

incomplete dominance

Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). The short tail trait (T) is dominant to long tails (t). What proportion of the progeny of the cross BbTt x bbtt will have black fur and long tails?

25%

How many sister chromatids would you find in the prometaphase stage of mitosis from a cell with a diploid number of 10?

20

Human somatic cells normally have 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a cell in anaphase (followng splitting os centromeres and prior to cytokinesis) have?

92

The final electron acceptor of photosystem I is:

NADP+

Colors of light most useful in photosynthesis are:

red, violet, and blue.

The metabolic pathway, glycolysis involves 10 metabolic reactions or steps. How many different enzymes must be present for glycolysis to take place?

10 -- one for each step

Two true-breeding stocks of garden peas are crossed. One parent had red, axial flowers, and the other had white, terminal flowers. All F1 individuals had red, axial flowers. If 1000 F2 offspring resulted from self-pollination of the F1 generation, how many of them would be expected to have red axial flowers?

560

A cell is in mitosis. The centrioles are moving apart, each chromosome is composed of two chromatids and the nuclear membrane is still intact. In which stage of mitosis is this cell?

prophase

If there are 12 centromeres in a cell in prophase of mitosis, what is the diploid number of chromosomes for that organism?

12

How many phosphate groups are present in one molecule of ribulose bisphosphate?

2

The electrons that are excited by sunlight are replaced by electrons from ________________ in photosystem I, and by electrons from _________________ in photosystem II.

photosystem II; water

What is the karyotype for Down's syndrome?

Trisomy 21

A man with blood type A whose mother has blood type O, has a child by a woman with blood type AB. What is the probability that their baby will have blood type B?

25%

Which one of the following metabolic pathways is anaerobic?

gycolysis

What is the cofactor for the enzymes, hexokinase, phosphofructokinse, pyruvate kinase, and enolase, that when added to the yeast culture, should have increased rate of gas production?

magnesium

When the products of a reaction are at a higher energy level than the reactants, the reaction is:

endergonic

The Calvin Cycle uses which products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

ATP and NADPH

What happens to the high energy, reduced electron carriers (FADH2 and NADH + H+) from glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle?

They are oxidized by the electron transport chain.

Glycolysis takes place in:

the cell cytoplasm

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that chloroplasts and mitochondria share?

They both have light-harvesting pigments.

During photosynthesis, photons of light raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons come from which molecule?

chlorophyll