PSY Ch 1 & 2 - Review Questions

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?

d. all of the above

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in __.

philosophy

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) __.

proposed explanation

Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.

Max Wertheimer

__ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.

Abraham Maslow

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and __ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

unconditional positive regard

The operant conditioning chamber (aka __ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.

Skinner

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) __ psychologist.

biological

An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) __.

personality

In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly __ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.

2/3

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) __ psychologist.

I-O

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a __ degree in psychology.

PhD

The __ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.

PsyD

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

bachelor’s degree

One would need at least a(n) __ degree to serve as a school psychologist.

master’s

Scientific hypotheses are __ and falsifiable.

testable

__ are defined as observable realities.

facts

Scientific knowledge is __.

empirical

A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories __.

were not testable

Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): __.

case study

__ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.

naturalistic observation

The major limitation of case studies is __.

the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is __.

the honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting

Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as __.

archival research

__ involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time.

longitudinal research

A(n) __ is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form.

survey

Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of __.

attrition

Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:

As height increases, typically weight increases.

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

-.90

Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?

Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams.

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when __.

it is closest to 0

__ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.

random sampling

The __ is controlled by the experimenter, while the __ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.

independent variable; dependent variable

Researchers must __ important concepts in their studies so other would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.

operationalize

Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) __ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment.

placebo

__ is to animal research as __ is to human research.

IACUC; IRB

Researchers might use __ when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses.

deception

A person’s participation in a research project must be __.

voluntary

Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the __ form.

informed consent