Developmental Biology Laboratory LE1

Anaphase

What phase of mitosis is in cell 1?

Prophase

What phase of mitosis is in cell 2?

Metaphase

What phase of mitosis is in cell 3?

Prophase

What phase of mitosis is in cell 4 (JUST ONE CELL)?

Prophase

What phase of mitosis is in cell 5?

Interphase

What phase of mitosis is in this cell?

Frog’s Testis

What is the specimen in the photo?

Frog’s Testis

What is the specimen in the photo?

Interstitial Connective Tissue

What is the structure in 1?

Seminiferous Tubules

What is the structure in 2?

Septum

What is the structure in 3?

Spermatocyst

What is the structure in 1?

Sertoli Cell

What is the structure in 2?

Spermatozoa

What is the structure in 3?

Primary Spermatocyte

What is the structure in 4?

Spermatids

What is the structure in 5?

Primary Spermatocyte

What is the structure in 6?

Mouse’s Testis

What is the specimen in the photo?

Mouse’s Testis

What is the specimen in the photo?

Interstitial Connective Tissue

What is the structure in 1?

Seminiferous Tubule

What is the structure in 2?

Blood Vessel

What is the structure in 3?

Primary Spermatocyte

What is the structure in 1?

Sperm Head

What is the structure in 2?

Sperm Tail

What is the structure in 3?

Spermatogonium

What is the structure in 4?

Spermatids

What is the structure in 5?

Secondary Spermatocytes

What is the structure in 6?

Frog’s Ovary

What is the specimen in the photo?

Germinal Vesicle

What is the structure in 1?

Theca Folliculi Interna

What is the structure in 2?

Follicular Cells

What is the structure in 3?

Primary Oocyte

What is the structure in 4?

Cat’s Ovary

What is the specimen in the photo?

Cat’s Ovary

What is the specimen in the photo?

Primary Follicle

What is the structure in 1?

Tunica Albuginea

What is the structure in 2?

Germinal Epithelium

What is the structure in 3?

Zona Pellucida

What is the structure in 1?

Corona Radiata

What is the structure in 2?

Secondary Oocyte

What is the structure in 3?

Tertiary Follicle

What is the structure in 4?

Cumulus Oophorus

What is the structure in 5?

Antrum or Cavity

What is the structure in 6?

Theca Interna

What is the structure in 7?

Oogonia

What is the structure in 8?

Primary Oocyte

What is the structure in 9?

G1 Phase

Part of cell cycle where cell growth occurs and metabolic activity is present.

S Phase

Part of cell cycle where DNA replicates/duplication of chromosomes.

G2 Phase

Part of cell cycle where cell prepares for division via duplication of centrosomes.

True

True or False:
Interphase is not a part of cell division.

Interphase

This is where the chrosomes are not yet condensed and appears as chromatin, the nuclear envelope and the nucleolus are still intact. 

Karyokinesis

Major event in cell division where the nucleus divdes.

Cytokinesis

Major event in cell division where the cytoplasm divides.

Cleavage Furrow

During cytokinesis, this indentation forms in an animal cell.

Actin Microfilaments

What do you call the contractile ring that is responsible for the formation of the cleavage furrow in cytokinesis?

Cell Plate

During cytokinesis, this forms in a plant cell.

Syncytia

Not all cells complete cytokinesis, some may form multi-nucleated cytoplasm called?

Microtubules

• Forms the mitotic spindle.

• Responsible for chromosome movement during karyokinesis.

Microfilaments

• Responsible for cytokinesis via cleavage furrow

• Forms the contractile ring at the equatorial plane

Intermediate Filaments

Provides strucutural stability but is less directly involved in mitosis.

Prophase

What stage of mitosis is being described below?:

• Chromosomes condense (supercoiling).

• Nuclear envelope starts to disintegrate.

• Centrosomes move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form.

Metaphase

What stage of mitosis is being described below?:

• Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (equatorial plane).

• Centrosomes at opposite poles; spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.

Anaphase

What stage of mitosis is being described below?:

• Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

• Duplicated centrosomes clearly visible at poles.

• Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart.

Telophase

What stage of mitosis is being described below?:

• Chromatids reach poles; nuclear envelope reforms.

• Cleavage furrow forms

• Results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meoisis I

Which part of meiosis is considered reductional?

Meoisis II

Which part of meiosis is considered equational?

Leptotene

Which substage of Meiosis I is described below?":

• Chromosomes start condensing.

• Chromosome ends attach to the nuclear envelope.

Zygotene

Which substage of Meiosis I is described below?":

• Formation of the synaptonemal complex.

• Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis).

Pachytene

Which substage of Meiosis I is described below?":

• Crossing overoccurs at chiasmata.

• Exchange of homologous chromosome segments

Diplotene

Which substage of Meiosis I is described below?":

• Homologous chromosomes begin to separate but remain attached at chiasmata.

Diakinesis

Which substage of Meiosis I is described below?":

• Final condensation of chromosomes.

• Nuclear envelope breaks down.

seminiferous tubules of testes

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Cleavage

Rapid mitotic divisions of the zygote that establish multicellularity.

Blastomeres

Products of cleaveage, they get smaller with each division, but overall embryo size does not increase.

maternal mRNA and Proteins

What controls cleavage of cells?

Blastulation

Formation of the blastulafrom the morula (solid ball of cells).

Blastula

hollow structure with a cavity inside

Morula

solid cluster of blastomeres (resembles mulberry fruit).

Blastocoel

• Forms eccentrically

• Surrounded by a layer of cells called the blastoderm.

Gastrulation

Morphogenetic movements that reorganize the blastula into a gastrula with 3 germ layers.

Ectoderm

This germ layer is the outer layer, will form skin & nervous system.

Mesoderm

This germ layer is the middle layer, will form muscles, skeleton, circulatory & urogenital systems.

Endoderm

This germ layer is the inner layer, will form gut lining and accessory glands like the liver, pancreas, thyroid, and other digestive glands.

Forebrain and Sense Organs

• Neural tube begins forming regions of the forebrain.

• Olfactory placodes → future smell organs.

• Eye development: optic cup and lens primordium visible.

• Pineal gland and epiphysis forming from the prosencephalon.

Midbrain and Pharyngeal Region

• Nasal placodes and oral primordium appear.

• Pituitary rudiment (from infundibulum and Rathke’s pouch).

• Otic placode invaginates → forming otic vesicle(inner ear).

• Pharyngeal pouches visible, precursors of gill structures.

Hindbrain and Notochord

• Myelencephalon (hindbrain) develops → autonomic control.

• appears as a midline rod supporting early body structure.

• Cranial nerves (trigeminal, epipharyngeal placodes) are visible.

Thoracic/Abdominal Region

• Somites forming → future skeletal muscle and vertebrae.

• Heart rudiments (atrium, ventricle, pericardial cavity) visible.

• Endoderm forms primitive gut tube.

Posterior Region

• Spinal cord and spinal ganglia develop from neural tube.

• Intestine visible but simple, straight tube.

• Yolk-filled endodermal cells dominate posterior.

• Tail bud and cloacal membrane form.

Epidermis

What structure is in 1?

Skin Ectoderm

What structure is in 2?

Pineal Gland

What structure is in 3?

Prosencephalon

What structure is in 4?

Olfactory Placode

What structure is in 5?

Olfactory Pit

What structure is in 6?

Prosencephalon

What structure is in 7?

Foregut

What structure is in 8?

Oral Membrane

What structure is in 9?

Adhesive Gland

What structure is in 10?

Stomodeum

What structure is in 11?