ch11 and 7

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms from the urinary and cardiovascular systems.

Glomerulus

Tiny ball of capillaries in the nephron where filtration begins.

Trigone

Triangular area at base of bladder between ureters and urethra.

Renal pelvis

Funnel-shaped reservoir collecting urine in the kidney.

Ureter

Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder.

Urethra

Tube that carries urine from bladder to outside.

Nephron

Filtering unit of the kidney.

Cortex

Outer layer of an organ.

Anuria

Absence of urine.

Urinary retention

Inability to fully empty bladder.

Albuminuria

Presence of protein (albumin) in urine.

Pyuria

Presence of pus or white blood cells (WBCs) in urine.

Nephrotic syndrome

Excessive protein loss in urine.

Nephrolithotomy

Surgical removal of kidney stones.

Wilms tumor

Childhood kidney cancer.

BUN test

Measures blood urea nitrogen in blood.

Nephrocalcinosis

Calcium deposits in kidneys.

Lithotripsy

Procedure using sound waves to break kidney stones.

Nephropathy

Kidney disease.

Bacteriuria

Bacteria in the urine.

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst.

Pyelotomy

Incision into the renal pelvis.

Cystoscopy

Procedure to view inside bladder and urethra.

Urinary catheterization

Tube inserted to drain urine.

-uria

Suffix meaning urine or urination.

-lysis

Suffix meaning breakdown.

-lithiasis

Suffix meaning condition of stones.

-ectomy

Suffix meaning surgical removal.

-tripsy

Suffix meaning to crush.

-poietin

Substance that stimulates production.

Retro-

Prefix meaning backward or behind.

Hydronephrosis

Excess fluid in kidney due to obstruction.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of glomeruli in kidneys.

Interstitial nephritis

Inflammation of connective tissue between kidney tubules.

Polycystic kidney disease

Hereditary condition with fluid-filled cysts in kidneys.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney.

Renal cell carcinoma

Kidney cancer in adults.

Renal failure

Loss of kidney function.

Renal hypertension

High blood pressure caused by kidney condition.

Diabetes insipidus

Condition of inadequate ADH or resistance to it.

Diabetes mellitus

Inadequate insulin or poor insulin use.

Pulmonary vein

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

Diastole

Relaxation phase of heartbeat.

Mitral valve

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle.

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart.

SA node

Pacemaker of the heart, starts heartbeat.

Coronary arteries

Supply oxygen-rich blood to heart muscle.

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart muscle.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein.

Aneurysm

Widening or ballooning of an artery.

Cyanosis

Bluish skin due to low oxygen.

Ischemia

Lack of blood flow to tissues.

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack.

Angina

Chest pain from poor blood supply to heart.

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat.

Congenital heart disease

Heart defect present at birth.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Blood clot in deep vein.

Tetralogy of Fallot

Congenital defect with four heart abnormalities.

Patent

Open.

Essential hypertension

High blood pressure without known cause.

Digoxin

Medication that strengthens and slows heartbeat.

Echocardiography (ECHO)

Imaging of heart using sound waves.

Phlebotomy

Drawing blood from a vein.

Endarterectomy

Surgical removal of plaque from artery.

Holter monitor

24-hour ECG monitor.

Atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

Rapid, irregular atrial contractions.

Embolus

Traveling clot or blockage.

Flutter

Rapid but regular heartbeat.

Congestive heart failure

Heart can't pump blood effectively.

Endocarditis

Inflammation of inner heart lining.

Mitral valve prolapse

Improper closure of mitral valve.

Raynaud’s disease

Poor circulation causing pale or blue fingers.

Murmur

Unusual heart sound from valve issues.

Systemic circulation

Blood flow between heart and body.

LVAD

Mechanical pump assisting left ventricle.

Beta-blockers

Drugs lowering heart rate and BP.

Acute coronary syndrome

Reduced blood flow to heart muscle.

Vena cava

Largest vein returning blood to heart.

Capillary

Smallest blood vessel; site of exchange.

Atherosclerosis

Buildup of fatty plaque in arteries.

Sclerosis

Hardening of tissues.

Sphygmomanometer

Device to measure blood pressure.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Records electrical activity of heart.