UCSP 2ND .

Small groups of families that live together, often connected by marriage, family ties, or friendships.

Band

Family relations important for keeping groups united.

Kinship

The split of a band due to conflicts, often related to social disagreements.

Fissioning

When people leave to form new groups after a fissioning.

Social Velocity

Formed when bands grow larger and more complex, especially during a shift from hunting and gathering to farming or herding.

Tribes

A leader in a tribe who earns respect through position and influence but lacks absolute power.

Headman

More formal political systems with centralized power resting in a Paramount Chief from an elite family.

Chiefdoms

The way power is passed down through family in a chiefdom.

Inherited

The organization of chiefdoms into social classes with a distinction between elites and common people.

Hierarchy

A system where elites demand tribute from commoners and lesser chiefs give tribute to the paramount chief.

Tributary System

The breaking apart of chiefdoms over time.

Disintegration

The coming back together of chiefdoms after disintegration.

Reintegration

A group of people with shared history, language, traditions, and ethnicity who may seek independence.

Nation

Benedict Anderson's concept of a nation connected through shared identity, despite geographical distance.

Imagined Community

The control over a government and recognized territorial boundaries, which a nation typically lacks.

Political Sovereignty

A political entity with a sovereign government that exercises control over a territory and its citizens.

State

A mostly Muslim group in the southern Philippines, particularly in Mindanao, seeking more independence.

Moros

A country where most people share the same culture, language, and identity.

Nation-state

The power to make decisions and give orders.

Authority

The belief that a leader’s power is right and justified.

Legitimacy

Power based on long-standing customs and practices.

Traditional Authority

Power stemming from the leader's personal qualities and emotional connections with followers.

Charismatic Authority

Power obtained through election or appointment according to law, guided by established rules.

Rational-legal Authority

Exchange of goods or services within a community, either directly or as a gift exchange.

Reciprocity

Giving resources without receiving goods or services directly in return.

Transfer

Collecting resources from a group and redistributing them among the same group.

Redistribution

Ownership of land, factories, and ideas, crucial in market systems.

Private Property

The drive to maximize profit and personal benefit.

Self-Interest

The concept that individual self-interest can lead to economic growth without government control.

Invisible Hand

Government control of prices for essential goods to ensure affordability.

Price Regulation

Taxes imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries.

Tariffs

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade aimed at reducing tariffs and promoting free trade.

GATT

World Trade Organization that oversees trade rules and ensures fair trade between countries.

WTO